8Science Exam Vocab
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| newton's 2nd law | the acceleraton of an object depends mass and amount of force applied
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| speed | distances traveled divided by the time taken to travel that distance
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| velocity | quantity that tells both how fast and which direction
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| motion | change in motion relative to a reference point
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| acceleration | chance of velocity over time
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| momentum | a quantity defined as the product of mass and velocity on an object
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| newton's 1st law | an object at rest stays in rest and an object in motion stays in motion at a constant speed unless acted upon by a unbalanced force
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| newton's 3rd law | when one objects exerts a force on a second object the second object exerts and equal and oppisite force on the first
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| inertia | tendency of all objects to resist any change in motion
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| force | a push or pull exerted on an object in order to change the motion of an object
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| net force | is the combination of all the forces actin gon an object
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| friction | an unbalanced force
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| weight | a measure of gravitational pull on an object
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| mass | amount of matter in an object
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| gravity | a force of attraction between two objects that is due to their masses
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| newton | SI unit for force
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| Reference Point | an object that seems to stay in place
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| Cell cycle | the life of a cell
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| Wave | any disturbance that transfers energy through matter or empty space
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| Electromagnetic/Radiation | the transfer of energy through em waves
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| Crest | highest point of a wave of a median vibrate from their rest point
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| Trough | lowest point of a wave
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| Amplitude | maximum distance that the particles
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| Wavelength | the distance between any two crests or compressions next to the each other wave
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| Frequency | number of waves produced in a given amount of time
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| Wave speed | speed at which a wave travels
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| Temperature | a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles of an object
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| Heat | the transfer of energy between two different objects with different temperatures
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| Thermal energy | the total of kinetic energy of the particles that make up a substance
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| Mitosis | process that forms to new nuclei and same number of chromosomes
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| Heredity | the passing of traits from parent cell to daughter cells
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| Conduction | the transfer of thermal energy between two substances by direct contact
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| Radiation | the transfer of thermal energy through em waves
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| Convection | a transfer of energy by circulation or movement of a liquid or gas
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| Gene | the instructions for an inherited trait
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| Allele | the different forms of DNA
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| Law of conversation of energy | a law that states energy cannot be created or destroyed only can be changed from one form to another
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| Dominance | occurs when certain alleles mask the expression of other alleles
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| Recessive | an allele that will be masked unless the organism is homozygous
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| Punnett Square | a type of graph used to predict genetic cross
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| Chromosome | the genetic information organized into structures
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| Meiosis | a process that produces cells with half the usual number of chromosomes
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| Asexual Reproduction | results in offspring with genotypes that are exact copies of there parents genotypes
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| Sexual Reproduction | results in offspring being genitally similar but not identical
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| DNA | genetic material stands for deoxyribonucleic acid
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| Anther | male part (pollen is sperm)
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| Ovary | the swelling at the base of the the flower (where eggs are)
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| Sepal | green leaf like part that protect the flower when it is in bud
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| Egg | in the ovule
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| Seed | the fertilizes matured ovule of a flowering plant, containing an embryo or rudimentary plant.
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| Gamete | a mature sexual reproductive cell, as a sperm or egg, that unites with another cell to form a new organism.
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| Zygote | the cell produced by the union of two gametes, before it undergoes cleavage.
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| Fertilization | the union of male and female gametic nuclei.
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| Pollination | the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma.
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| pH scale | scale used to measure how acidic something is
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| Catalyst | is a substance that speeds up a reaction wihtout being permently changed
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| Acid | any compound that increases hydronium ions when dissolved in water
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| Indicator | a compound that changes color depending on conditions like pH
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| base | any compound that increases hydroxide ions when dissolving in water
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| Evolution | the process in which inherited characteristics within a popualtion change over time
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| Adaption | a characteristic that helps improve an individual's chances or survival
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| Vector | A quantity, such as the velocity of an object or the force acting on an object, that has both magnitude and direction
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| Kinetic Energy | energy in use
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| Potential Energy | energy stored away
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| Mechenicaal Energy | describes the sum of potential energy and kinetic energy
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| Work | the transfer of energy to a body by the application of a force that causes the body to move in the direction of the force
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| Stigma | the top and sticky part of the style
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| Style | where the pollen tubes grow
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| Trait | a characteristic or property of some object
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| Rate Of Reaction | how fast or slow a reaction takes place
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| Sedimantray | a type of rock that is formed by sedimentation of material at the Earth's surface and within bodies of water
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| Sedimet | naturally-occurring material that is broken down by processes of weathering and erosion
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| Tectonic Plate | massive, irregularly shaped slab of solid rock
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| Transform Boundary | a fault which runs along the boundary of a tectonic plate
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| Metamorphic | the transformation of an existing rock type
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| Weathering | the breaking down of Earth's rocks, soils and minerals through direct contact with the planet's atmosphere
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| Convergent boundary | an actively deforming region where two (or more) tectonic plates or fragments of lithosphere move toward one another and collide
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| Igneous | formed by the cooling and solidifying of molten materials
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| Erosion | the process of eroding or being eroded by wind, water, or other natural agents
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| Divergent Boundary | A tectonic boundary where two plates are moving away from each other
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