Chapter 7
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on it to display the answer.
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| alimentary canal | another name for the digestive system
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| absorption | process by which digested nutrients are sent into the bloodstream by passing through capillaries that are located in the walls of the small intestine
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| upper GI tract | begins at the mouth or oral cavity where the breakdown of food is started
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| oral cavity | includes lips, cheeks, teeth, palate, salivary glands and the tongue
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| palate | another name for the roof of the mouth
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| pharynx | throat
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| esophagus | muscular tube, 9-10 inches in length, that extends from the pharynx to the stomach and allows food to pass down the throat to the stomach
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| peristalsis | involuntary contractions for the passage of food
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| stomach | pouchlike organ located in the left side of the abdomen; temporary storage area for food
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| chyme | semi-fluid mixture of partially digested food and secretions
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| lower GI tract | consists of the small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus
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| small intestine | small bowel; longest organ of the GI tract
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| duodenum | shortest segment of the small intestine
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| jejunum | middle segment of the small intestine
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| ileum | most inferior segment of the small intestine
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| large intestine | measures 5-6 feet and has three sections; functions to absorb water, secrete mucus, and eliminate digestive wastes
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| cecum | first part of the large intestine, saclike structure on the right side of the abdomen
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| colon | second section of the large intestine, has four parts; the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, and the sigmoid colon
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| rectum | the last part of the large intestine
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| appendix | attached to cecum, has no known digestive function
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| ascending colon | found under the liver
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| transverse colon | found horizontally above the small intestine
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| descending colon | located near the spleen and moves down the left side of the abdomen
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| sigmoid colon | descends down through the pelvic cavity and joins with the rectum
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| anus | external opening of the digestive tract where solid waste is excreted through
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| feces | solid body waste; stool
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| defecation | process by which solid waste products are excreted from the body
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| liver | largest gland of the body; aids the digestive process by producing bile
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| bile | yellow-green secretion containing bile acids and bile salts that emulsify down fat
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| gallbladder | found under the liver, stores bile
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| pancreas | located in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen, responsible for production of insulin
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| insulin | hormone produced by the pancreas, regulates blood sugar
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| col/o | colon, large intestine
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| colon/o | colon, large intestine
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| gastr/o | stomach
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| or/o | mouth
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| stomat/o | mouth
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| esophag/o | esophagus
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| duoden/o | duodenum
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| ile/o | ileum
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| an/o | anus
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| bil/i | bile
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| chol/e | bile
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| hepat/o | liver
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| jejun/o | jejunum
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| pancreat/o | pancreas
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| proct/o | rectum
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| rect/o | rectum
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| lip/o | fat
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| sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon
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| enter/o | small intestine
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| cyt/o | cell
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| gluc/o | sugar
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| glyc/o | sugar
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| peritone/o | peritoneum
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| pharyng/o | pharynx
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| lith/o | stone
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| lapar/o | abdominal wall
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| cholecyst/o | gallbladder
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| dys | painful, abnormal
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| en | within
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| intra | within
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| hyper | excessive, above
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| hypo | below, deficient
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| mal | bad
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| sub | below
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| trans | across, through
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| epi | above, upon
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| peri | surrounding
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| dia | thorough, complete
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| lithiasis | presence of stones
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| logist | one who specializes
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| lysis | destruction
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| ia | condition
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| eal | pertaining to
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| al | pertaining to
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| osis | condition
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| iasis | abnormal
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| itis | inflammation
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| ectomy | removal of
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| stomy | creating a new opening
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| plasty | surgical repair
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| scope | instrument for viewing
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| scopy | process of viewing
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| pepsia | digestion
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| emesis | vomiting
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| graphy | process of recording, a picture
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| gastroenterologist | physician who specializes in the treatment of diseases of the digestive tract
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| internist | diagnose and treat the disease of the internal organs
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| proctologist | specialist treating and diagnosing illness of the colon, rectum, and anus
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| dysphagia | difficulty in swallowing
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| GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) | stomach contents flow upward into the esophagus (burning feeling in throat, mouth)
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| gastritis | inflammation of the stomach
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| gastroenteritis | inflammation of the stomach and small intestine
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| peptic ulcer | lesion of the mucous membranes of the digestive system caused by bacteria H pylori
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| gastric ulcer | peptic ulcer occurring in the stomach
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| duodenal ulcer | peptic ulcer found in the upper part of the small intestine, duodenum
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| cirrhosis | degenerative disease of the liver causes injury to the liver cells
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| colorectal cancer | malignant neoplasm in the large intestine
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| Crohn's disease | chronic inflammation of the digestive tract
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| choleithiasis | hard deposit in the gallbladder, gallstones
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| polyps | small growths found in the membranes lining the colon
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| diverticulosis | herniation of the diverticula or sacs of the wall of the intestine, sigmoid colon
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| diverticulitis | inflammation of the diverticula
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| dyspepsia | indigestion
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| emesis | vomiting
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| colitis | inflammation of the colon
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| ileitis | inflammation of the ileum
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| irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) | abdominal pain, gas, bloating, constipation, or diarrhea caused by irregular motility of the intestines
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| hepatitis | inflammation of the liver, viral hepatitis is the most common type
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| hepatitis virus A | infectious hepatitis transmitted by contaminated food or water and poor hygiene
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| hepatitis virus B | transmitted by blood and bodily fluids from person to person
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| hepatitis virus C | transmitted by blood through intravenous, needles, transfusions
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| cholecystitis | inflammation of the gallbladder
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| hernia | protrusion of organ or part through a wall of the cavity where it is located
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| intestinal obstruction | complete or partial blockage of the flow of the contents of the intestines
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| intussusception | slipping of one part of the intestine into the opening of the adjacent intestinal part
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| pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas
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| anorexia | lack or loss of appetite, causing the inability to eat
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| abdominal ultrasound | noninvasive procedure to visualize the internal organs using high frequency sound waves
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| barium enema | x-rays of the lower GI tract after barium sulfate is inserted into the rectum
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| upper GI series | barium swallow, barium sulfate swallowed by mouth flowing into the esophagus and stomach while x-rays are taken
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| cholecystectomy | surgical removal of the gallbladder
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| ostomy | surgical creation of an artifiical opening or stoma between an organ and body surface
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| colostomy | surgical artificial opening for the colon through the abdominal wall to its outside surface for expelling feces
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| herniorrhaphy | surgical repair of a hernia
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| endoscope | instrument used to visualize internal organs
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| colonoscopy | endoscopic visualization of the colon from rectum to cecum
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| gastroscopy | endoscopic visualization of the stomach or esophagus
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| sigmoidoscopy | endoscopic visualization of the rectum, sigmoid colon, some of the descending colon
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| MRI | noninvasive scanning procedure showing visualization of fluid, soft tissue and bony structures without using radiation
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| CT SCAN | noninvasive x-ray procedure using computer images that show detailed visualization of the tissue structure
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