Woodruff- Phases and Physical States of Matter
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| four states of matter | solid, liquid, gas, plasma
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| kinetic molecular theory | all matter is made of particles (usually molecules) that are in constant motion
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| As temperature of substance increases, the kinetic energy of particles ________. | increases
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| As the temperature of a substance decreases, the kinetic energy of particles ________ | decreases
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| Five characteristics that classify a substance as a solid | definite shape, definite volume, particles are close together, does not flow, diffusion is extremely low
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| Solids can be classified as _______ or ______ solids | amorphous or crystalline
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| Crystalline solids | particles are arranged in a regular repeating three-dimensional pattern
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| amorphous solids | lack a regular repeating order, examples glass and wax
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| Four characteristics that classify a substance as a liquid | takes shape or portion of container it occupies, definite volume, particles are farther apart than a solid, particles move faster than a solid
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| Six characteristics of a gas | no definite volume or shape, particles are farther apart than a solid or liquid, particles move faster than a solid or liquid, particles are compressible, and have rapid diffusion due to high energy state
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| Physical property | characteristic of a substance which may be observed without changing the chemical composition of the substance
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| state or phase | solid, liquid, gas or plasma
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| color | the way an object absorbs or reflects light
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| density | ratio of mass to volume, D= m/v
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| specific gravity | ratio of density to density of water (1.0)
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| solubility | the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent
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| luster | the silvery shine of a substance, many metals
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| malleability | the ability of a substance to rolled or pounded into shapes
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| ductility | the ability to be drawn into rods or wires
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| tenacity | the ability of a substance to resist being pulled apart
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| brittleness | the ability to shatter when struck
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| conductivity | the ability to transfer electricity of heat
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| odor | produced by vapor particles being given off by an object
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| elasticity | the ability of an object to stretch and return to its original position
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| hardness | the resistance to being scratched
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| melting and freezing point | same temperature for given substance
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| boiling and condensation point | same temperature for given substance
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| physical change | a change in which the appearance of matter changes but its properties and makeup remain the same
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| Three examples of physical change | cutting wood, melting ice, breaking glass
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| phase change | a change caused by increased or decreased heat energy making particles move close and further apart
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| When will a phase change occur? | when sufficient heat energy is gained or lost
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| An increase or decrease in heat content ( does or does not) necessarily mean an increase or decrease in temperature | does not
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| If no phase change occurs when heat is absorbed or released a ____ will occur | temperature change
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| When heat energy is absorbed or released by a substance one of these occurs | phase change or temperature change
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| melting point | temperature at which a solid turns to liquid
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| freezing point | temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid
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| boiling point | temperature at which a substance rapidly changes from a liquid to a gas at that atmospheric pressure
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| condensation | a change from gaseous state to q liquid state occurs at the same temperature as the boiling point
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| when a substance condenses, heat energy is _____ | released
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| when can a substance exist as a gas and a liquid at the same temperature | Yes, at the transition temperature
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| evaporation | change from liquid to gas
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| two factors that affect the rate of evaporation | temperature and surface area
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| Why is evaporation a cooling process? | it takes heat away from surroundings
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| sublimation | direct change of sate from solid to gas or gas to solid
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| Name two solids that sublime | moth balls and dry ice
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