Key Concepts / Terms
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| An Aesthetic of Hunger | Glauber Rocha in 1965. Realities of village life in Latin America. Urged filmmakers to make films that caused violent revolt. Helped to define 3rd Cinema
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| Art Cinema | A blending of modernist and classical film aesthetics. Popular from late 40s to late 60s. Mostly defined by European cinema movements like French New Wave and Italian Neorealism. Techniques like elliptical narrative and realism.
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| Auteur Theory | A term invented by Cachiers du Cinema in 1954. Originally celebrated classical Hollywood directors like Ford and Hawkes for their individual "style." Later embraced by art cinema directors like Truffaut and Goddard to create their own authorial style.
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| Camp | Susan Sontag 1966. A mode of aestheticism that sees the world not in terms of beauty but in terms of artiface and stylization. Camp sensibility is disengaged, and apolitical.
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| Czech New Wave | CZ in late 60s where politics have relaxed enough for filmmakers to make films that are similar in style to other western Art Cinemas. These films are not overtly political and are very stylized. The movement dies with Prague Spring in 1968.
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| Hong Kong in 1997 | Stephen Tao 1992. Hong Kong was returned to Mainland China by the British. Films from late 80-97 reflect a looming concern over China's takeover. Films deal with a race against time and emphasize a stylized nostalgia for 70s kung-fu films.
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| Indian Film Industry | Only 3rd world nation with a larger market for domestic films than imported. Commercial industry developed independently away from western influence. Has its own art cinema, local, and all-India films.
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| International Co-productions | Hollywood makes movie abroad to circumvent local quota laws and PCA. "Don't Look Now" is an example of this, British director, Italian financing, distributed by Paramount. Signifies the decline of European Art Cinema and the rise of New Hollywood.
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| Learning from Las Vegas | Architecture Book by Robert Venturi in 1972. Celebrates ornamentalism and representationalism in Las Vegas. Buildings shouldn't require studying to be understood.
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| Modernist Art | Nonrepresentational art that works with purity of the medium. Movement lasted from 20s to 60s. A response to classical art. Examples include Roethco's "Rorschach on Red."
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| MPAA Ratings System | PCA's decline starts with Paramount Decision in '48. Art Cinema becomes popular in the 60s in America. Friedman v Maryland in '65 makes state censorship illegal under 1st AM and so PCA to stay relevant introduces ratings system
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| Neorealism | Postwar Italian film movement from the 40s to the early 60s. Populist perspective of everyday life in Italy. Defined by location shooting and nonprofessional actors. Term was celebrated by Bazin and influenced the French New Wave.
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| New Hollywood | Hollywood films from '68 through 70s that showed art cinema characteristics. Started with Easy Rider and films like Graduate and Bonnie and Clyde. New era of American auteurs literate in European Art Cinema. Film students like Coppola and DePalma.
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| Nouvelle Vague | French New Wave. Influenced by Italian Neorealism. Lasted from the 50s to mid-60s. Spearheaded by Cachiers du Cinema, of which most writers like Truffaut and Goddard became filmmakers. Stylistically including long shots and long takes.
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| The Planned Film | Korean film marketing strategy in the 90s. Corporate owners wanted to maximize profits. Films appeal to target audiences. Examples include The Host because the mixing of genres (horror, melodrama, comedy) appeal to many different groups.
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| Pop Art | Mid-50s art movement. Audiences react to limitations imposed by modernism. Irony and self-reflection. Pays Homage to quality of commercialism by using mixed media. Hard Day's Night is an example because it mixes Beatles' pop music with comedy mocumentary.
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| Postmodernism | Starts in the 50s with pop art but comes into its own in the 70s. Pastiche of the past that collapses high and low art. Reaction to the elitism of modern art by reappropriating classic and modern techniques. Celebrates camp and shifting taste culture.
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| Prague Spring | 1968 liberalization of Czechoslovakia. Signifies a move away from soviet control and leads to artistic movements like Czech New Wave. Brought to a halt when Warsaw Pact nations invade Prague and reinstall strict soviet policies.
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| Realism | Artistic style that attempts to capture aesthetics of real life. Opposite of formalism. Influences Italian Neorealism and Art Cinema with long takes and long shots. Examples include Masculin/Feminin laundromat scene.
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| Runaway Production | Guback 1985. Hollywood productions made in other countries. Generally done when Hollywood has frozen assets from ticket profits in other nations. Hollywood runs away from American labor and talent and uses local crews to produce films.
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| Geoffrey Nowell Smith | Author of Making Waves.
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| South Korean Film Industry | 1992 end of military control. Local film industry is on brink of collapse so the government injects funds into the industry. Production companies are bought by larger Korean corporations. Production companies later sold and now rely on Venture Capitalism.
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| Susan Sontag | Author of Notes on Camp 1966.
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| Theatre of the Absurd | Martin Esslin 1969. Existentialist senselessness of human condition. Waiting for Godot - Beckett 49. Universe will always be indifferent. Early Polanski exploration of sexuality and new issues in modern world. Absurd dialogue and minimalist characters.
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| Third Cinema | Glauber Rocha 1965. Defines films of nations who are rebelling against imperialist Hollywood influenced film industries. Aesthetically made to incite violent revolution. Revolutionist Cuba exemplifies this. Pixote is a product of the legacy of 3rd Cinema.
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| Robert Venturi | Yale author of Learning from Las Vegas 1972.
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