Carbohydrates
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbohydrate foods | provide practical energy (calorie) sources because of their availability, relatively low cost, and storage capacity; structures vary from simple to complex to provide both quick and extended energy for the body.
🗑
|
||||
| CHO | Carbon Hydrase Oxide
🗑
|
||||
| Monosaccharides | Simple sugar; Simple carbohydrate
🗑
|
||||
| Monosaccharides Class Members | Glucose, fructose, galactose
🗑
|
||||
| Glucose | mainly from starches; Basic single sugar in body metabolism
🗑
|
||||
| Fructose | Found mainly in fruits and is widely used in processed foods
🗑
|
||||
| Galactose | Comes mainly from digestion of milk sugar
🗑
|
||||
| Disaccharides | Double sugar; simple carbohydrates
🗑
|
||||
| Disaccharides class members | sucrose, lactose, maltose
🗑
|
||||
| Sucrose | Common table sugar Made up of glucose and fructose – once digested becomes glucose
🗑
|
||||
| Lactose | Sugar found in milk – w/o this can't absorb calcium and phosphorus
🗑
|
||||
| Maltose | Derived in the body from intermediate digestion of starch – this is what happens before it becomes glucose in the body
🗑
|
||||
| Polysaccharides | Starch Glycogen Dietary Fiber
🗑
|
||||
| Glycogen | stored form in body – stored in liver and pancreas and muscles Found in animal muscle tissue Similar in structure to starch Crucial to metabolism and energy balance
🗑
|
||||
| Starch | Most important dietary carbohydrate Found in grains, legumes, & some veggies Cooking makes digestion of starch easier
🗑
|
||||
| Whole grains | retain the bran layer, inner germ, and endosperm, including the nutrients naturally found in the plant
🗑
|
||||
| Enriched grains | refined grains that have nutrients added back to them
🗑
|
||||
| Nutritive sweeteners | Sugar alcohols (sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol) – increase blood sugar slowly; prevents sugar spikes
🗑
|
||||
| Nonnutritive sweeteners | Artificial sweeteners in food – up to 700 x more sweet than table sugar
🗑
|
||||
| Dietary Fiber | Not digestible Important in health promotion and disease prevention
🗑
|
||||
| Three types of dietary fiber | Cellulose, Noncellulose polysaccharides, Lignin
🗑
|
||||
| Daily recommended dietary fiber | 38 g/day for men 25 g/day for women
🗑
|
||||
| Cellulose | Remains undigested in the gastrointestinal tract and provides bulk to a diet Bulk helps move the food mass through the intestine Examples: Stems, leaves of vegetables Coverings of seeds and grains
🗑
|
||||
| Noncellulose polysaccharides | Absorb water and swell to a larger bulk Examples: pectins, gums, mucilages, algal substances
🗑
|
||||
| Lignin | Only noncarbohydrate type of dietary fiber Woody parts of plants
🗑
|
||||
| Sudden increases in fiber can result in what? | gas, bloating, constipation
🗑
|
||||
| Basic fuel supply of Carbs | Provides energy for physical activities and all work of body cells
🗑
|
||||
| Reserve fuel supply of carbs | Provided by glycogen Maintains normal blood glucose level
🗑
|
||||
| Special Tissue Functions of Carbohydrates | Protect cells from depressed metabolic function Vital emergency fuel for heart muscle Brain dependent on minute-to-minute supply of glucose – low blood sugar can result in brain damage and death Carbohydrates regulate proteins and fat
🗑
|
||||
| Rapid breakdown of fats in the body (seen in diabetics) | in urine in ketones
🗑
|
||||
| Starches | Provide fundamental complex carbohydrates
🗑
|
||||
| Sugars | High sugar diets carry health risks – avg American eats ¾ lb of sugar per week Too much sugar can cause diabetes and also tooth decay – can cause cardiac problems
🗑
|
||||
| Mouth | Mechanical or muscle functions break food mass into smaller particles Salivary amylase, secreted by parotid glands, act on starch to begin its breakdown
🗑
|
||||
| Stomach | Peristalsis continues mechanical digestive process Gastric secretions contain no specific enzymes for breakdown of carbohydrates
🗑
|
||||
| Small intestine | Peristalsis continues mechanical digestion Pancreatic secretions
🗑
|
||||
| Maltase | work on the disaccharides
🗑
|
||||
| Dietary Reference Intake of carbs | 45% to 65% of adult’s total caloric intake should come from carbohydrate foods Limit sugar to no more than 25% of calories consumed
🗑
|
||||
| two basic types of carbohydrates | simple and complex
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
MarieG
Popular Medical sets