Microbiology Test 3
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| A mature virus particle? | Viron
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| Viruses contain? | DNA or RNA
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| The protein coat surrounding the nucleic acid is called? | Capsid
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| The capsid is composed of a number of protein units called? | Capsomeres
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| Membrane derived from a host cell? | Envelope
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| Some viruses have _______ on the viral surface. | Spikes
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| Spikes are found only on _____ viruses. | Enveloped viruses
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| Spikes aid in? | Absorption
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| A naked piece of nucleic acid, like RNA, that can be infectious is? | Viroid
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| Viruses are classified by what 4 categories? | Size, nucleic acid, morphology, and number of capsomeres.
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| Viruses are grown in? | Lab animals, embryonated eggs, cell cultures, or bacterial cultures.
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| The ability of a virus to infect an organism is regulated by what 4 things? | Host species, type of cells, attachment sites, and cell factors.
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| A virus attaches to a cell membrane? | Absorption
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| The virus is engulfed into the cell? | Penetration
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| Once inside the cell, the virus looses its capsid? | Uncoating
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| The viral DNA/RNA replicates by using the host cell's DNA? | Biosynthesis
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| A new viral particle? | Progeny
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| New viruses appear in the nucleus or cytoplasm? | Maturation
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| New viruses are also called? | Inclusion bodies or elementary particles.
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| When the new viruses burst out of the host cell, they create what with pieces of the nuclear membrane? | Envelopes
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| A tadpole virus that infects bacteria? | Bacteriophage or just phage.
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| A disease process that occurs gradually over a long period of time? | Slow virus infection
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| A few slow virus infections are? | Rubella, scrapie, CJV, Kuru.
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| What kind of virus remains in the host dormant after a long period but can still produce disease? | Latent virus
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| An example of a latent virus is? | Herpes simplex
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| What virus causes warts? | Papovavirus
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| What virus causes the common cold? | Rhinovirus
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| What virus causes mononucleosis? | EBV or Epstein Batt virus
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| The AEDES mosquito spreads which virus? | Arbovirus or togavirus, which causes Yellow fever, Dengue fever, Breakbone fever.
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| What virus causes rabies? | Rhabdovirus
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| Inclusion bodies produced in the brain of the cerebellum are called? | Negri bodies
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| Hep. A is found in? | Contaminated food, it enters via the GI tract.
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| Hep. B is found in? | Contaminated needles, sexual contact, and body fluids.
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| A blue-green or yellow-green pigment? | Pyocyanin
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| Which gram negative rod bacteria has a grape like odor? | Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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| Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes? | Infection of the otitis (outer ear), UTIs, respiratory, and burns.
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| What bacteria is found in the intestines of humans, and is anaerobic gram negative rods? | Pseudomonas acne
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| List all 8 enterics or coli-forms: | Salmonella, shigella, E. coli, enterobacter, klebsiella, serratia, proteus, yersinia. (SSSEEKPY)
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| A bacterial infection spread from deer? | Lyme disease- Borrelia burgdorferi
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| What bacteria is the greatest cause of blindness? | C. trachomatis
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| What bacteria causes Parrot fever? | C. psittaci
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| What bacteria can you get from chickens, ducks, pigeons, and turkeys? | Ornithosis
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| What bacteria causes walking pneumonia or atypical pneumonia? | M. pneumoniae, PPLO (Pleural Pneumonia Like Organisms)
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| What bactera causes TB? | Mycobacterium tuberculosis, it's also an acid fast rod.
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| What two bacteria are in the Neisseria family? | N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis
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| The two gram positive cocci are? | Staph and Strept
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| The gram negative cocci is? | Neisseria
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| The two anaerobic wound infections are? | Bacteroids and Clostridium perfringenes
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| The study of fungi is called? | Mycology
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| Unicellular fungi are? | Yeasts
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| Multicellular fungi are? | Molds
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| Yeast reproduce by? | Budding
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| Molds produce thread-like filaments called? | Hyphae
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| Hyphae with cross walls are called? | Septate hyphae
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| Hyphae without cross walls are called? | Aseptate or nonseptate hyphae
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| A mass of hyphae is called? | Mycelium
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| Mycelium that obtain nutrients are called? | Vegetative mycelium (the roots)
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| Mycelium that produce spores are called? | Reproductive or aerial mycelium.
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| Spores do what for molds? | They are a means of reproduction.
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| What are the 5 asexual spores? | Arthrospores, blastospores, chlamydiospores, conidiospores, and sporangiospores.
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| What asexual spore is fragmented or rectangular? | Arthrospores
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| What asexual spore buds? | Blastospores
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| What asexual spore has thick walls, which are formed by segmentation of hyphae? | Chlamydiospore
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| Chlamydiospores have 3 kinds: | Terminal (at the end of the hyphae), intercalary (within the hyphae), and sessile (which are on the sides).
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| What asexual spore is produced in a chain? | Conidiospores
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| What are the various Conidiospore structures? | Microcondia (little hairs), and Macroconidia (in a pod). Then we have Conidiophore (the trunk), vesicles (the body), phialide (fingers or branches), and conidia (the attached spores, no more then 6).
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| Penicillin is shaped like a: | Goblet
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| Aspergillus is shaped like a: | Medusa with snakes!
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| What asexual spore forms at the end of a hyphae? | Sporangiospores
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| What are the 3 kinds of sexual spores? | Ascospores, basidiospores, and zygospores.
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| What sexual spore passes the nucleus of a male thru a bridge into a female cell and fuse? | Ascospores
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| The female sexual spore cell becomes an? | Ascus (sac like structure which contains 2-8 ascospores)
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| What sexual spore forms on a pedestal? | Basidiospores, the pedestal is called a Basidium.
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| What sexual spore is produced when two hyphae form an arm and extend to meet each other? | Zygospore or oospore.
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| A __________ is formed when two hyphae form a thick wall. | Zygosporangium
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| Some fungi have 2 forms of growth: | Dimorphic
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| Dimorphic fungi grow at ____ as a yeast, and at ____ as a mold. | 37 degrees, and 25 degrees.
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| What are the two phylums of fungi? | Perfect fungi- non-pathogens, and Imperfect fungi- pathogenic in humans.
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| Imperfect fungi reproduce by? | Asexual reproduction
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| Ringworm is caused by: | Tinea
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| Ringworm of the nails: | Tinea unguium
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| Ringworm of the beard and neck: | Tinea barbae
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| Ringworm of the scalp: | Tinea capitis
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| Ringworm of the scalp has two kinds: | Ectothrix (outside the hair shaft) and Endothrix (inside the hair shaft)
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| Ringworm of the body: | Tinea corporis
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| Ringworm of the groin and anal region: | Tinea cruris
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| Ringworm of the foot: | Tinea pedis (Athlete's foot)
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| Ringworm that discolors areas of the skin: | Tinea vesicolor
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| A dimorphic fungi found in timber, rose thorns, and metal: | Sporothrix, causes "Rose fever"
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| A normal flora of the bowel, skin, vagina: | Candida albicans- diamorphic yeast
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| Candida albicans can cause the follow issues: | Oral thrush and vulvovaginities. It also affects the nails, lungs, urinary, intestinal, and brain and blood.
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| Candia albicans is identified by: | Grown at room temp., grows as a smooth white colony with a wine odor.
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| A __________ is a hyphae that proceeds from a bud. | Germ tubes
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| Aspergillus causes: | A fungus ball in the lungs!
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| What are the 4 classifications of medical mycosis-fungal diseases? | Superficial, cutaneous, subcutaneous, and systemic.
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| What kind of fungal disease infects the outer layer of skin, nails, hair? | Superficial
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| What kind of fungal disease destroys the keratin of the skin, hair, nails? | Cutaneous
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| What kind of fungal disease infects the skin, muscles, and connective tissues? | Subcutaneous
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| What kind of fungal disease infects deep tissues and organs? | Systemic
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| A fungal disease that spreads throughout the body is said to: | Disseminate
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| What are the two categories of parasites? | Protozoans and helminths.
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| Protozoans reproduce: | Sexually and asexually.
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| What are the two kinds of Helminths? | Flatworms and Roundworms.
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| Which host harbors the adult stage helminth? | Definitive host
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| Which host harbors the larva stage helminth? | Intermediate host
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| Flatworms have both male and female parts: | They are hermaphroditic.
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| What are the 4 important kinds of flukes (flatworms)? | Intestinal, lung, liver, and blood.
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| The life cycle of a fluke includes: | Eggs --> miracidium (which hatch, enter a snail) --> produces Rediae --> which develop into Cercaria (which bore out of the snail) --> they penetrate crayfish and encyst as a Metacercaria --> Humans or a larger fish eat this and it develops into a fluke.
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| The head of a tapeworm is called? | Scolex
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| The sections or segments on a tapeworm are called? | Proglottids
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| Proglottids in the neck region are called? | Immature proglottids
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| Proglottids that contain reproductive organs are called? | Mature proglottids
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| The large proglottids at the end of the tapeworm that contain the eggs are called? | Gravid proglottids
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| Arthropods that transmit diseases by sucking human blood are: | Mites, ticks, lice, fleas, mosquitoes, assassin/kissing bugs.
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