Stack #59279
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| a phenomenon is random if | individual uotcomes are uncertain but there is nonetheless a regular distribition of outcomes in a large number of repetitions
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| the probability of any outcome of a random phenomenon is | the proportion of times the outcome would occur in a very long series of repetitions
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| multiple counting principle | if a choice consists of two steps of which the first can be made in m ways and for each of these the second can be made in n ways, then the whole choice can be made in mn ways
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| sample space | the set of all possible outcomes of a random experiment
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| elemtn | each individual outcome in the sample space
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| event | a subset of the sample space
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| relative frequencies are often used | to estimate probability
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| mutually exclusive events | two events that have no element in common
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| a union b | is the set of elemnts which belong to set a OR b or both
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| a intersect b | is the set of elements which belong to set a AND b
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| A' is | teh set of elemnts that are NOT in set a but are in the sample space
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| the probability p(a) of any event is always | a number between 0 and 1 inclusive.
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| an event with the probability 0 is | impossible
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| event with a probaility 1 is | certain
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| if s is the sample space | then p(s)=1
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| complement rule | P(A')= 1-p(a)
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| addition rule for mutaully exclude events | if a and b are disjoint events then P(AUB)=(PA)+P(B)
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| two events are independt if | knowing that one occurs does not change the probality that the other occurs
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| if A and B are independent events then P (A and B)= | P(A) P(B)
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| general addition rule for porbability | P (AUB)=P(A)+P(B)-P (AnB)
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Created by:
lilee256