Lecture Unit 3
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gastrointestinal Tract (Digestive Organs) | Oral cavity, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small intestine, Large intestine, Anus.
🗑
|
||||
| Accessory Digestive Organs | Parotid salivary gland, Teeth, Tongue, Sublingual salivary gland, Submandibular salivary gland, Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas.
🗑
|
||||
| Digestive Functions | Ingestion, Mechanical digestion, Chemical digestion, Propulsion, Secretion, Absorption, Elimination of waste.
🗑
|
||||
| Ingestion | Taking food into mouth.
🗑
|
||||
| Mechanical digestion | Physical breakdown. Mastication=chewing. Segmentation=mixing & churning in small intestine.
🗑
|
||||
| Chemical digestion | Molecules broken down by enzymes.
🗑
|
||||
| Propulsion | Peristalsis: muscular contraction that moves food through GI tract.
🗑
|
||||
| Secretion | Production & release of bile, enzymes, etc.
🗑
|
||||
| Absorption | Nutrient transport into blood/lymph vessels
🗑
|
||||
| Peristalsis | Form of propulsion. Involves the contraction & relaxation of the smooth muscle in the alimentary canal (AKA digestive/GI tract). It does not break up the food.
🗑
|
||||
| Segmentation | Local contractions of smooth muscle. Involved with mechanical digestion. Mixes food with digestive juices.
🗑
|
||||
| Histology | Mucosa, Submucosa, Muscularis, Serosa
🗑
|
||||
| Mucosa | Epithelial lining closest to lumen. Secretion and absorption. Ex. Esophageal mucosa is stratified squamous. Touches food/feces.
🗑
|
||||
| Submucosa | Vascularized and innervated.
🗑
|
||||
| Muscularis | Inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of muscle. Segmentation and peristalsis. 2 layers of smooth muscle squishes in all directions.
🗑
|
||||
| Serosa | Visceral peritoneum.
🗑
|
||||
| Oral cavity | Structures: cheeks, hard palate, palatal rugae, labia, labial frenulum, vestibule. Lips consist of non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Initial location of mechanical & chemical digestion.
🗑
|
||||
| Salivary Glands | Parotid gland & duct-25-30% of saliva production. Sublingual-3-5%. Submandibular-60-70%. Autonomic innervation. Produce 1.5L saliva/day.
🗑
|
||||
| Saliva | Wets and binds food, cleans teeth, kills harmful microorganisms, dissolves food chemicals, enzymes begin digestion of starch.
🗑
|
||||
| Tooth Structure | Gingiva (travels around root). Alveoli-sockets in the mandible & maxilla. Periodontal ilgaments. Root. Enamel-hardest substance in body, form cusps. Cementum-covers the root. Dentin-bulk. Pulp-contains blood vessels & nerves.
🗑
|
||||
| Deciduous Teeth | 20 primary teeth. Fall out and are replaced. 8 incisors, 4 canines, 8 molars.
🗑
|
||||
| Permanent Teeth | 32. 8 incisors, 4 canines, 8 premolars (bicuspids), 12 molars.
🗑
|
||||
| Pharynx | Part of respiratory & digestive systems. passageway for food, fluid, and air.
🗑
|
||||
| Swallowing | Stage 1 is voluntary. All of other stages are involuntary.
🗑
|
||||
| Esophagus | Muscular tube. Propels food to stomach (peristalsis). Esophageal hiatus-opening in diaphragm. Inferior esophageal or cardiac sphincter-circular muscle where esophagus and stomach meet.
🗑
|
||||
| Reflux Esophagitis | AKA Heartburn. Acidic stomach contents regurgitate into the esophagus. Risk factors: obesity, smoking, types or quantity of food, bulimia. Symptoms: ab pain, difficulty swallowing, increased belching, bleeding.
🗑
|
||||
| Stomach-upper left quadrant | Mucosa is simple columnar epithelium. Functions: storage of food, mechanical digestion-churn w/ gastric juice, chemical digestion-initiate protein digestion, LIMITED ABSORPTION: only meds & alcohol.
🗑
|
||||
| Stomach structures | Cardiac sphincter (AKA lower esophageal sphincter). Cardia. Fundus. Body-majority. Greater curvature. Lesser curvature. Gastric rugae. Pyloric region. Pyloric sphincter. Label!
🗑
|
||||
| Histology of the stomach wall | Stomach mucosa is simple columnar containing 5 different cell types.
🗑
|
||||
| 1. Surface Mucous Cells | Mucin secretion to protect stomach lining.
🗑
|
||||
| 2. Mucous Neck Cells | Acidic mucin secretion to maintain acidic conditions.
🗑
|
||||
| 3. Parietal Cells | Hydrochloric acid secretion. Gastric intrinsic factor secretion: GIF binds to B12 assisting in B12 absorption. Hyposecretion leads to pernicious anemia.
🗑
|
||||
| 4. Chief Cells | Secretion of pepsinogen, an inactive enzyme: Acid activates pepsinogen into pepsin. Pepsin digests proteins.
🗑
|
||||
| 5. Enteroendocrine Cells | Hormone secretion
🗑
|
||||
| Peptic Ulcer | Erosion of stomach or duodenal mucosa. May be caused by ibuprofen & asprin use. Majority of cases associated with bacterium HELICOBACTER PYLORI. Perforating=eroded through entire wall. Emergency. Treatments: Antibiotics, neutralizing acid-Tums/Rolaids.
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
punkaloo
Popular Science sets