Stack #58629
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| metabolism | total of all chemical reactions in the body
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| anablism-anabolic | building up
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| catabolism-catabolic | breaking down
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| condensation | anabolic- molecule of water given off (metabolic water)
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| phosphorlization | add phosphate to a molecule makes molecule larger -anabolic
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| reduction | adding a electron to molecule gain energy anabolic
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| hydrolysis | catabolic- splitting using water
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| dephosphorlization | catabolic- taking away a phospate
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| oxidation | catabolic- removes electron from molecule
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| free radicals | loose electron can damage cell structure
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| co-enzyme | gain free radicals
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| potential energy | stored energy eventually converted to kinetic
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| chemical energy | forms of potential energy hold molecule together
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| enzyme | work as a catalyst increase rate of chemical reaction
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| glycogen | stored in the liver and skeletal muscles only 1lb
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| glycogenesis | synthesis of glucose to glycogen
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| glycogenolysis | glycogen to glucose
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| glucose | prefered fuel
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| gluconeogenesis | make new glucose molecules from non carbs precerssors by the liver
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| glycerol | backbone
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| fat metabolism | atp 19
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| fatty acids process | called beta oxidation atp 129
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| ketones | waste from broken fatty acids , lower PH in blood can cause acidosis
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| lipolysis | break down of fat seperate fatty acids from glycerol
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| lipogenesis | synthesizes fat from other nutrients
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| protein metabolism | 3rd source of fuel
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| proteolysis | protiens are broken down to amino acids
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| deamination | take amino groups out of the amino acids
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| NH3 | amonia (makes urea , the amino groups become amonia
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| keto acids | left over after amino group is removed /can travel any pathway
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| essential 10 | need to injust in the body
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| non essential 10 | bady can make from other
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| transamination | making non essential from amino acids or carbs
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| krebes cycle | occur in mitochondria needs oxygen build up co-enzymes, series of oxidation reactions NAd & FAD get energy produces co2
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| pyruvic acid | produces lactic acid has 3 carbons
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| oxidative phosphorylization | makes most atp in the cells
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| electron transport chain | part of oxidative phosphor. take co-enzymes & break them down use that energy to add phospate to ADP to make ATP
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| 1 glucose | 38 ATP
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| acids bases salts | acids always contain H2 and, below 7.0 ph . bases always have Hydroxyl Ion salts have neither it is a cation
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| ph | Ph 7 is neutral, ph 7-6 10 times more acid , HCI is ph 1.2-2,
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| acidosis | depress CNS below 7.35 ph
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| glucose oxidation | atp 3phosphate + 1 adenosine 40 energy or work 60 % heat
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| co -enzyme A | is pattenic acid (b vitamin)
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| beta oxidation | clevage of one pair of carbon atoms fatty acid
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| ketogenesis | formation of ketones
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| I. Olfactory nerve | abilty to smell
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| II. Optic nerve | back of eye ,occipital lobe vision
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| III. Oculomotor nerve | one of three nerves to move the eye
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| IV Trochlear nerve | one of three that help move the eye
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| V. Trigeminial nerve | mastication /chewing
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| VI. Abducent nerve | one of three that move the eye
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| VII. Facial Nerve | nerve of face /expressions , saliva tears, taste sensation
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| VIII. Vestibulocochlear | part of inner ear equlibrium/ hearing
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| IX. Glossopharnyngeal | tongue/ phranx taste swallow, saliva secretion
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| X. Vagus Nerve | viscera/ organs
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| XI. Accessory nerve | traps scm head movement
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| XII. Hypoglossal Nerve | moving the tongue for speech
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| c1 | no spinous process vertebral foramen wide transverse processes articulates w/ occipital condyles
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| C2 | Bifid process on spinous processes, Dens of Axis in pivot point, first disc in between tranverse and spinouse processes
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| Thoracic | 12 vertebrae T1- T12 ribs attach to tranverse processes & body of vertbra ribs attach to facets
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| Lumbar | Span 5 vertebra L1-L5 Longest , thickest, small transverse processes
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| Sacrum | 5 vertbrae fused to 1 S1-S5 foramen, illiums and coxals
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| Coccyx | 1 vertbrae coccygeal
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| adult | extend L1-L2
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| Baby | extend L2-L3
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| conus medullaris | tapering end of spinal cord as high as t12 as low as L3
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| cauda equina (horse tail) | spinal nerve roots that are a bundle
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| Denticulate Ligaments | lateral to spinal cord , guide wire to stablelize spinal cord , a pia mater extension
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| Filum Terminate | a pia mater extension direct contact to spinal cord serves as a anchor
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| spinal tap/ lumbar tap | below taper end of the spinal cord
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| intervertbral foramen | betweens all vertbrae opening for spinal nerves
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| roots | attach apinal chord & nerve together very specific either sensory or motor.
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| posterior / dorsal spinal chord | sensory root carry info into the spinal chord
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| anterior ventral | motor carry info out of the spinal chord
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| spinal nerves | mixed sensory & motor
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| rami | nerve surfacefrom vertebral from branches
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| dorsal rami | innervate deep back muscles
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| ventral rami | form a braid of nerves or plexus 4 different plexus
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| cervical plexus | neck- spinal nerves c1-c4
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| brachial plexus | C5-C8 & T1
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| Lumbar plexus | L1-L4
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| Sacral Plexus | L4-S4
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| Laminar groove | between tranverse & spinous processes
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| laminectomy | remove section of the bone to relieve pressure on spinal chord
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| cervical movements | flexion, lateral flexion,
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| thoracic movements | rotation, lateral flexion
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| lumbar movements | lateral flexion, rotation, flexion, extension
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tmarbuery
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