The Integumentary System
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| Skin Biopsy | The removal of a small piece of tissue from skin lesions for the purpose of examining it under a microscope to confirm or establish a diagnosis
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| Liposuction | Aspiration of fat through a suction cannula or curette to alter the body contours
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| Allergy Testing | Various procedures used to identify specific allergies in an individual by exposing the person to a very small quantity of the allergen
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| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (Butterfly Rash) | A chronic, multisystem, inflammatory disease characterized by lesions of the nervous system and skin, renal problems, and vasculitis. A red rash is often seen on the nose and face
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| Leukoplakia | White, hard, thickened patches firmly attached to the mucous membrane in areas such as the mouth, vulva, or penis
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| Exanthematous Viral Diseases | A skin eruption or rash accompanied by inflammation, having specific features of an infectious viral disease
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| How is burn severity classified? | age, percentage of body surface burned, location of burn, and concurrent injuries
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| Acne Vulgaris | A common inflammatory disorder seen on the face, chest, back, and neck, and which appears as papules, pustules, and comedos
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| Onychomycosis | Any fungal infection of the nails
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| Scales | Think flakes of hardened epithelium that are shed from the epidermis
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| Xeroderma | A chronic skin condition characterized by roughness or dryness
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| Hemangioma | A benign tumor that consists of a mass of blood vessels and has a reddish-purple color
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| Cutaneous Papilloma (skin tags) | A small brownish or flesh colored outgrowth of skin occuring frequently on the neck
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| Gangrene | Death tissue, most often involving the extremities; usually the result of ischemia (loss of blood supply to an area) bacterial invasion, and subsequent putrefication (decaying) of the tissue
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| Scabies | A highly contagious parasitic infestation caused by the "human itch mite," resulting in a rash, pruritus, and slightly raised threadlike skin lines
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| Verruca (wart) | A benign, circumscribed, elevated skin lesion that results from hypertrophy of the epidermis; caused by the human papilloma virus
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| Impetigo | Contagious superficial skin infection characterized by serous vesicles and pustules filled with millions of staphylococcus or streptococcus bacteria, usually forming on the face
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| Polyp | A small, stalklike growth from a mucous membrane surface, resembling a mushroom stalk
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| Kaposi's Sarcoma | A malignant growth that begins as soft, brownish or purple raised areas on the feet and slowly spreads on the skin, spreading to the lymph nodes and internal organs
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| Herpes Zoster (Shingles) | An acute viral infection caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox ans shingles, characterized by painful, vesicular lesions or eruptions on the skin following along the nerve pathways of underlying spinal or cranial nerves
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| Keloid | An enlarged, irregularly shaped, and elevated scar that forms due to the presence of large amounts of collagen during the formation of the scar
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| Squamous Cell Carcinoma | A malignancy of the squamous cells of epithelial tissue, which is a much faster growing cancer than basal cell carcinoma and has a greater potential for metastasis if not treated
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| Stria (Stretch Marks) | Linear tears in the dermis which result from overstretching from rapid growth. They begin as pinkish-bluish streaks with jagged edges and may be accompanied by itching. As they heal and lose their color, they remain a silvery-white scar line.
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| Hair Follicle | The tiny tube within the dermis that contains the root of a hair shaft
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| Subcutaneous Tissue | The fatty layer of tissue located beneath the dermis
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| Ulcer | A circumscribed, open sore or lesion of the skin that is accompanied by inflammation
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| Petechia | Small, purplish, hemorrhagic spots on the skin
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| Macule (freckle) | A small, flat discoloration of the skin that is neither raised nor depressed
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| Malignant Melanoma | Skin tumor originating from melanocytes in pre-existing nevi, freckles, or skin with pigment; darkly pigmented cancerous tumor
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| Papule | A small, solid, circumscribed elevation on the skin
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| Wheal (hives) | A circumscribed, slightly elevated lesion of the skin that is paler in the center than its surrounding edges
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| Basal Cell Carcinoma | The most common malignant tumor of the epithelial tissue, occuring most often on areas of the skin that are exposed to the sun
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| Furuncle (boil) | A localized pus-producing infection originating deep in a hair follicle
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| Abrasion | A scraping or rubbing away of skin or mucous membrane as a result of friction to the area
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| Contusion | An injury to a part of the body without a break in the skin
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| Laceration | A tear in the skin
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| Alopecia | Partial or complete loss of hair. May result from normal aging, a reaction to a medication such as anticancer medications, an endocrine disorder, or some skin disease
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| Albinism | A condition characterized by absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes
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| Electrodesiccation | A technique using an electrical spark to burn and destroy tissue; used for the removal of surface lesions
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| 3rd Degree Burn | Involves massive necrosis of epidermis, entire dermis, and may include part of the subcutaneous tissue or muscle
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| 2nd Degree Burn | Partial-thickness; blistering pink to red color; swelling; involves epidermis and upper layer of dermis; heals in approximately 2 weeks without scar if no infection
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| 1st Degree Burn | Superficial; redness & swelling of epidermis; painful; heals spontaneously with peeling in about three to six days; no scarring
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| Debridement | Removal of debris, foreign objects, and damaged or necrotic tissue from a wound in order to prevent infection and to promote healing
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| Curettage | The process f scraping material from the wall of a cavity or other surface for the process of removing abnormal tissure or unwanted material
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| Erythema | Redness of the skin due to capillary dilatation. An example of erythema is nervous blushing or a mild sunburn
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| Erythremia | An abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells
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| Pediculosis | Infestation with lice
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| Vesicle (blister) | A small, thin-walled, skin lesion containing clear fluid
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| Fissure | A crack-like sore or groove in the skin or mucous membrane
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| Cellulitis | A diffuse, acute infection of the skin and subcutaneoua tissue, characterized by localized heat, deep redness, pain, and swelling
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| Tinea Capitis | Ringworm of the scalp
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| Tinea Corporis | Ringworm of the body
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| Decubitus (bedsore) | An inflammation, sore, or ulcer in the skin over a bony prominence of the body, resulting in loss of blood supply and oxygen to the area due to prolonged pressure on the body part (AKA pressure ulcer)
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| Ecchymosis (bruise) | A bluish-black discoloration of the skin or mucous membrane caused by an escape of blood into the tissue as a result of injury to the area
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| Corium (dermis) | The layer of the skin just under the epidermis
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| Sudoriferous Gland | A sweat gland
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| Tinea Pedis | Ringworm of the foot (AKA Athletes Foot)
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| Tinea Cruris | Ringworm of the groin (AKA Jock Itch)
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| Dermatologist | A physician who specializes in the treatment of diseases and disorders of the skin
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| Epidermis | The outermost layer of the skin
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| Pruritis | itching
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| Perspiration (sweat) | The clear, watery fluid produced by the sweat gland
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| Sebum | The oily secretions of the sebaceous glands
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| Lunula | The crescent-shaped pale area at the base of the fingernail or toenail
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| Rosacea | A chronic inflammatory skin disease that mainly affects the skin of the middle third of the face. The individual has persistent redness over the areas of th eface, nose, and cheeks
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| Abscess | A localized collection of pus in any part of the body
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| Cerumen | Ear wax
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| Comedo | The typical lesion of acne vulgaris, caused by accumulation or keratin, and sebum within the opening of a hair follicle; closed comedo-whitehead/open comedo-blackhead
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| Cryosurgery | A noninvasive treatment that uses sub-freezing temperature to freeze and destroy the tissue. Coolants such as liquid nitrogen are used in the metal probe
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| Cyst | A closed sac on pouch in or within the skin that contains fluid, semifluid, or solid material
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| Tinea | More commonly known as ringworm. A chronic fungal infection of the skin that is characterized by scaling, itching, and sometimes painful lesions. The lesions are named according to the body part affected
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| Eczema | An acute or chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by erythema, papules, vesicles, pustules, scales, crusts, or scabs, and is accompanied by intense itching
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| Psoriasis | A common, noninfectious, chronic disorder of the skin manifested by silvery-white scales over round, raised, reddened plaques producing pruritus
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