Ch 6 Natural Select
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| A group of organisms that share similar characteristics are called a __________ | Species
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| Animals that can reproduce among themselves and produce fertile offspring are members of the same __________ | Species
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| What do we call changes in inherited characteristics over time? | Evolution
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| Who believed that characteristics parents had developed over their lifetimes(like large muscles from exercise)could be passed to their offspring? | Lamarck
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| He studied finches on Galapagos Island, and found they were all similar to one type of finch. | Darwin
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| Who believed that finches changed as they competed for food? | Darwin
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| What idea states that organisms with traits best suited for the environment survive and reproduce, passing traits to their offspring, while unfavorable traits die off with offspring who do not survive? | Natural Selection
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| What do we call an inherited trait that makes an individual different from other members of its species? | A variation
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| Mutations can cause these: | Variations
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| Beneficial mutations that are more likely to be passed on due to natural selection | Variations
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| Changes in a species that can take a long time to appear are called | Variations
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| Changes that appear when members of the same species move into or out of an area are a form of | Variation
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| Isolating a small number of individuals may cause variations to occur that are not present in other populations of the same species in a process called | Variation
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| Populations can become so different over time because of isolation that they cannot breed (reproduce). | Variation
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| A variation that increases an organism's chance for survival is called this | An adaptation
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| What do we call the slow process where one species changes into another? | Gradualism
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| What do we call the rapid evolution the occurs when individuals mutate and pass on those mutations/traits? | punctuated equilibrium
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| When bacteria become resistant to antibiotics, this is happening. | punctuated equilibrium
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| What do we call the remains or traces of once living organisms | Fossils
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| Where are fossils usually found? | Sedimentary rock
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| Carbon that is left when an organism decays and may harden into rock is called | An imprint
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| When sediments fill in the cavity left by a decaying organism, they make a _________ | cast
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| The impression or cavity left by the shape or a track of an organism | mold
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| An estimate about the age of a fossil based on the location in the rock is ___________ dating. | relative dating
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| In relative dating, the older fossils are found _____________________ in the rock | farther down
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| This type of dating is based on the amound of time it takes for 1/2 of radioactive material to decay. | Radiometric dating
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| Radiometric dating depends on the fact that | radioactive material is unstable and decays at a set rate
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| This type of dating is more accurate for determining fossil age | Radiometric dating
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| Carbon-14 has a half-life of how many years? | 5700 years
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| Calculate age of the fossil (C-14:5700 year) This fossil has decayed through 2 half-lives | 11,400 years
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| Calculate age of the fossil (C-14:5700 year) This fossil originally had 100 gms of C-14 and now has 25 grams | 11,400 years
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| Seen early in embryonic development, these are similar in human and other vertebrate embryos, and used to link species | Embryonic structures
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| Parts that function in one organism, but not another (like the tailbone)and may show a common ancestor | Vestigial Structures
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| These structures that are developmentally similar but have different functions (arm/flipper)may also show common ancestry. | Homologous Structures
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| Similarities in this shows common ancestry | DNA
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| Name 3 characteristics of primates | * opposable thumbs * binocular vision * flexible shoulders
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| How are these organisms alike: monkeys, apes, and humans? | They are in the same primate group
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| What first appeared 4-6 million years ago? | hominids
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| What are two characteristics of hominids? | They walk upright; they eat both plants and meat.
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| An example of this organism which has a small humanlike brain, and similar teeth and lived 2.9-3.4 million years ago was named "Lucy" when it was discovered. | Australopithecus
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| Coming after Australopithecus, evidence shows they used simple tools | homo habilis
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| Coming after homo habilis, these had a larger brain | homo erectus
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| Appearing 400,000 years ago, these followed homo erectus | homo sapiens
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| These hominids appeared 125,000 years ago | Cro-magnon/Neandethals
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| What are four things we know about Neanderthals? | * They lived in caves * They used stone tools * They were short with small chins * They disappeared about 30,000 years ago
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| What do we know about Cro-magnons? | * They appeared about 10,000-40,000 years ago * They were more similar and closely related to modern Humans * They lived in caves, and painted on their walls * They had a developed culture, and buried their dead.
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