Chapter 4
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| angi/o | vessel
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| aort/o | aorta
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| ateri/o | atery
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| ateriol/o | ateriole
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| ather/o | fatty/plaque
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| cardi/o | heart
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| coron/o | heart
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| ech/o | sound
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| electr/o | electrical
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| ischi/o | deficiency/blockage
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| man/o | pressure
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| my/o | muscle
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| necr/o | death
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| phleb/o | vein
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| sphygm/o | pulse
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| steth/o | chest
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| thromb/o | clot
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| ven/o | vein
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| venul/o | venule
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| a | without
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| brady | slow
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| endo | within
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| pan | all
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| peri | around
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| poly | many
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| tachy | fast
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| ectasis | dilatation/stretching
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| gram | xray/record/picture
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| graph | instrument that records
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| graphy | technique of recording
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| ia | condition
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| megaly | enlargement
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| meter | measuring instrument
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| metry | process of measuring
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| osis | abnormal condition
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| pathy | disease
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| plasty | surgical repair/reconstruction
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| clerosis | hardening
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| stasis | stopping/controlling
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| stenosis | narrowing
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| atria | upper chambers of the heart
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| ventricles | lower chambers of the heart
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| septum | muscular wall which divides the heart muscle into right and left side
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| epicardium | outer layer of the heart
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| myocardium | middle, thick, muscular layer of the heart
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| endocardium | inner layer of the heart
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| sinoatrial node (SA node) | the pacemaker where the electrical impulse of the hear originates
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| atrioventricular node (AV node) | located between the right atrium and right ventricle
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| Bundle of His | transmission of electrical impulses to both ventricles of the heart
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| circulation | movement of blood through vessels throughout the body
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| pulmonary circulation | circulation between the heart and the lungs
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| systemic circulation | circulation of blood between the heart and the rest of the body
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| superior vena cava | one of the two largest veins of the body
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| inferior vena cava | one of the largest veins in the body
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| tricuspid valve | valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle
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| chordae tendinae | strong fibrous bands that attach the corners of the heart valves to the muscles of the lower heart chambers
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| papillary muscles | are attached to the undersurfaces of the valve cusps, also contract pulling open the valve
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| pulmonary valve | a valve consisting of three semilunar cusps separating the pulmonary trunk from the right ventricle
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| pulmonary artery | transports deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
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| oxygenation | process by which waste filled blood is exchanged for oxygen rich blood in the lungs
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| pulmonary vein | vessel that returns oxygenated blood to the heart
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| bicuspid valve | valve between the left ventricle; also know as the mitral valve
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| aortic valve | valve between the left ventricle and the aorta
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| aorta | largest artery on the body
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| arteries | carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to various parts of the body
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| arterioles | small vessels branching off from ateries
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| capillaries | small vessels branching off from arterioles
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| sphygmomanometer | instrument used to measure blood pressure
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| stethoscope | an instrument used to hear and amplify the sounds made by the heart, lungs, and other internal organs
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| systole (systolic blood pressure) | pressure in the vessels as the heart is contracting
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| diastole (diastolic pressure) | the pressure in the vessels when the heart is at rest, between contractions
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| cardiology | the branch of medicine that studies the function and disorders of the heart
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| cardiologist | a physician who specializes in diseases and disorders of the cardiovascular system
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| electrocardiogram (EKG, ECG) | graphic record of the electrical activity of the heart
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| angina pectoris | chest pain related to stress, exercise, extreme cold; constriction of blood vessels
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| angiography | x-ray picture of the heart blood vessels
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| arteriosclerosis | hardening of the arteries
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| arteriosclerotic heart disease | heart disease caused by hardening of arteries
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| atherosclerosis | narrowing/hardening of arteries as fat deposits on walls of vessels
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| cardiac arrest | sudden stoppage of the heart
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| cardiac catherization | procedure where a catheter is guided through a vein or artery into the hear and x-ray pictures are taken
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| cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) | life saving procedure used after heart stoppage, involves artificial respiration and manual external compression of the heart
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| congestive heart failure | disease process in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the needs of the tissues
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| coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) | surgical procedure whereby a blocked artery is bypassed using a vein
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| coronary artery disease (CAD) | abnormal condition which can affect the arteries of the heart
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| echocardiogram | procedure using sound waves to visualize the heart
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| hypertension | high blood pressure
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| myocardial infarction (MI) | heart attack; insufficient blood supply to heart muscle causes death to the affected area
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| vasocontriction | narrowing of a vessel due to constriction
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| bradycardia | slow heart rate
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| bundle branch block (BBB) | electrical impulse to either right or left bundle branch is interrupted
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| fibrillation | atria or ventricles rapidly and incompletely contract due to chaotic electrical activity
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| palpitation | fluttering/abnormal throbbing of heart
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| paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT) | begins and ends suddenly, where there is a rapid atrial contraction
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| premature atrial contraction (PVC) | ventricles contract too early
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| premature atrial contraction (PAC) | atria contracts too early, before anticipated time
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| tachycardia | rapid heart rate/above 100 per minute
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| ventricular fibrillation | ventricles contract randomly without coordination, life threatening
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| ventricular tachycardia | ventricles contract rapidly at about 150-200 times per minute
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