Block II drugs- UND
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| Ibuprofen class | NSAID
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| Ibuprofen action | competitively inhibits COX1&2 and is slightly more selective for COX-1. These enzymes catalyze the reaction of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin
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| Methotrexate class | antineoplastic
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| Methotrexate action | antimetabolite, Methotrexate competitively and reversibly inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR); Folic acid is required for DNA synthesis.
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| Prednisone class | corticosteroid
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| Prednisone action | suppress inflammation and the normal immune response, induce apoptosis of lymphocytes
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| Nitroglycerin class | Nitrate Vasodilator
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| Nitroglycerin action | Relaxation of vascular smooth muscle causes peripheral pooling
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| Imitrex class | Vascular headache suppressant
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| Imitrex action | Selective agonist at specific vascular serotonin receptors causing vasoconstriction in large intracranial arteries
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| Prostoglandin E1 class | ductus arteriosus patency adjuncts
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| Prostoglandin E1 action | Directly relaxes smooth muscle of the ductus arteriosus; Temporary maintenance of patent ductus arteriosus
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| Dobutamine class | β1-Adrenergic agonist
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| Dobutamine action | Selective β1-Adrenergic agonist (leads to increased myocardial contractility and increased stroke volume with modest increase of heart rate)
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| Atenelol class | antiadrenergics, B-blocker
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| Atenelol action | selective B1-receptor antagonist, thus heart rate and contractility are decreased
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| Oxycodon class | analgesic, narcotic
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| Oxycodon action | opioid receptor agonist; to hyperpolarization and decreased activity of neural cells
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| Aspirin class | NSAID
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| Aspirin action | irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX 1 & 2); decrease prostaglandin synthesis
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| Simvastatin class | antihyperlipidemic
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| Simvastatin action | inhibit HMG-CoA reductase; increase LDL receptors
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| Acetaminophen class | non-narcotic analgesic, antipyretic
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| Acetaminophen action | Act on hypothalmic heat regulating center for antipyresis, elevates pain threshold
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| Norepinephrine class | Vasoconstrictor
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| Norepinephrine Action | a1- adrenergic receptor agonist, leads to Ca2+ release from ER causing vascular smooth muscle contraction
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| Norepinephrine uses | Life threatening hypotension not caused by hypovolemia. Nasal decongestant
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| Clonidine class | Sympatholytic
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| Clonidine action | a2 adrenergic agonist; inhibits vasomotor center in medulla oblongata reducing sympathetic activity
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| Clonidine uses | Tx of HTN
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| Prazosin class | Alpha-blocker
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| Prazosin action | a1 adrenergic antagonist; reduces NE/E binding to a1 receptors in vasculature causing vasodilation
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| Prazosin uses | Tx. HTN
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| Captopril class | ACE inhibitors
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| Captopril action | Inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) reducing production of angiotensin II (a direct vasoconstrictor); Inhibits degradation of bradykinin enhancing production of vasodilatory prostaglandins.
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| Captopril uses | Tx. of HTN
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| Losartan class | Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARBs)
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| Losartan action | Antagonist at Angiotensin type I receptor. (more complete inhibition of Ang II effects than ACE inhibitors)
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| Losartan uses | Tx. of HTN, CHF
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| Why ARB over ACE inhibitor | No cough because bradykinin degraded
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| Nifedipine class | Calcium channel blocker
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| Nifedipine action | Block the inward flow of Ca 2+ into vascular smooth muscle cells, reducing their contractility
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| Nifedipine uses | Tx. of HTN, vasospastic angina, arrhythmias
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| Nitroglycerine uses | Tx. and prophylaxis of angina, tx of CHF, and MI (decreases preload and afterload)
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| Name 4 Diuretics | Furosemide (loop), acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor), hydrochlorothiazide (thiazide), spironolactone (potassium-sparing)
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| Diuretic action | Increase renal excretion of Na+ and thus the equivalent amount of water. (reduces plasma volume and venous return)
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| Diuretic uses | Tx. of HTN, edema, CHF, renal failure
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| Isoproterenol Class | Beta adrenergic agonist
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| Isoproterenol action | B1 and B2 agonist; Increases cAMP and activation of Ca2+ channels. Increases HR, conduction rate, contractility
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| Isoproterenol uses | (b1) Cardiogenic shock, heart failure; (b2) asthma, emphysema
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| Dobutamine class | Beta adrenergic agonist
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| Dobutamine action | B1 agonist Increases cAMP and activation of Ca2+ channels. Increases HR, conduction rate, contractility
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| Dobutamine uses | (b1) Cardiogenic shock, heart failure
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| Terbutaline class | Beta adrenergic agonist
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| Terbutaline action | B2 agonist; bronchodilator and increase cAMP leading to Increases HR, conduction rate, contractility
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| Terbutaline uses | Bronchodilator for asthma and emphysema
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| Milrinone class | Phosphodiesterase inhibitor
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| Milrinone action | Inhibit phosphodiesterase which degrades cAMP
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| Milrinone uses | Tx. of heart failure
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| Dopamine class | Dopamine agonist
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| Dopamine action | Activate Dopamine receptors in renal, mesenteric, cerebral vasculature causing vasodilation. Dopamine is a precursor for NE which causes vasoconstriction
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| Dopamine uses | Dose dependent. Low doses <10 ug/kg/min vasodilate, large doses vasoconstrict
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| Digoxin class | Cardiac glycosides
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| Digoxin action | Directly inhibit Na+/K+ ATPase, increasing intracellular Na+ reducing the transmembrane Na+ gradient, inhibiting Na+/Ca2+ exchange and thus reducing Ca+2 flux out of myocytes
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| Digoxin uses | Heart failure
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| Propanolol class | Beta-blocker
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| Propanolol action | Antagonist at B1, B2 receptors
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| Propanolol uses | HTN
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| Name Calcium channel blockers | Nifedipine (most potent vasodilator), Verapamil, diltiazem
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| Nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem action | Block inward flow of Ca2+ during phase 2 (plateau) in cardiac AP, and decreased Ca2+ into vascular smooth muscle leading to decreased cardiac output, peripheral resistance, and increase renal blood flow
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| Nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem uses | HTN
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| Levosimendan class | Calcium sensitizers
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| Levosimendan action | Increases sensitivity of cardiac troponin to Ca2+ and has vasodilator action
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| Levosimendan uses | Heart failure
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| Dexamethasone Class | Corticosteroid
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| Dexamethasone Action | suppress inflammation and the normal immune response, induce apoptosis of lymphocytes
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| Dexamethasone Uses | Respiratory distress, allergies, reduction of inflammation
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| Ampicillin Class | Aminopenicillin
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| Ampicillin Action | Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis
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| Gentamicin Class | Aminoglycoside
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| Gentamicin Action | Irreversibly binds 30s subunit of ribosome and inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
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