bah
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| disorders that appear to be medical but are actually caused by psychosocial factors | somatoform disorders (patient almost always believes genuinely medical)
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| patterns ofmemory loss and identity change that are caused almost entirely psychosocial factors rather than physical ones | dissociative disorders
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| actual change in physical functioning as result of psych disorder | hysterical somatoform disorders
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| people who are healthy mistakenly worry something physicall wrong | preoccupation somatoform disorders
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| three hysterical somatoform disorders | conversion disorder, somatiziation disorder, pain disorder associated with psych factors
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| psychosocial conflict or need >> into drmatic physical sysmtoms that affect voluntary motor or sensory functioning | conversion disorder (symptoms often seem neurological like paralysis, blindness)
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| onset of conversion disorder | late childhood and young adulthood (appear SUDDENLY)
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| conversion disorder women : men | 2 to 1
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| frequency of conversion disorder | 5 in 1,000
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| long term physical ailments that have little or no organic basis | somatization disorder
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| symptoms that must be part of disorder for somatization diagnosis | seeverl pain symptoms (i.e. headaches, chest pain); gastrointestinal problems (nausesa and diarrhea); sexual symptom; neurological symptom (blindness, paralysis)
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| briquettes syndrome | somatization disorder
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| occurence in US, women and me | women: b/w .2 and 2.0% in any given year >> families: 20% of close female relatives of women with disorder develop it
men: less than .2%
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| somatization disorder onset | adolescence and young adulthood
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| % of people with somatization disorder who receive treatment for physical ailments/yr | 2/3rds
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| psychosocial factors play central role in onset, severity or continuation of pain | pain disorder associated with psychological factors (often develops with accident or illness that has caused genuine pain)
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| women : men pain disorder | women more likely
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| ways doctors distinguish b/w real pain and pain disorder | -goes against way nervous system is known to work (glove anestesia)
-persons muscles dont atrophy in paralysis
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| intentional faking of illness for external gain | malingering
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| patient intentionally produces or fakes symptoms out of wish to be a patient | factitious disorder
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| extreme and long term form of factitious disorder | munchausen (munchausen by proxy= parents make up or produce physical illnesses in their children 6-30% of these children die)
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| category for hypochondriasis and body dysmorphic disorder | preoccupation somatoform disorders
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| people unrealistically interpret bodily symptoms as signs of serious illness | hypochondriasis ( 6 months or more)
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| hypochondriasis: onset and women : men | early adulthood, men and women equally affected 1-5% experience disorder
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| % of patients seen by primary care physicians w/ hypochondriasis | 7%
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| people deeply concerned about some imaged or minor defect in their appearance (most often focus on wrinkles, spots, facial hair) | body dysmorphic disorder
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| % of people with bdd that seek plastic surgery | 50% (15% of people overall who seek plastic surgery
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| men : women bdd | equal
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| somatoform disorders: behaviorist perspective | learned thru classical conditioning or modeling
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| somatoform disorders: cognitive theorists | people with disorders are so sensitive to and threatened by bodily cues that they come to misinterpret them
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| anna O | person freud treated for somatoform disorder: hysterical deafness, paralysis etc. ; part of basis for his belief that underlying conflicts convert into physical symptoms
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| girls sexual feelings towards father (freud), if parents over react to sexual feelings, develop: | electra complex - electra conflict will be unresolved and child will experience sexual anxiety --- during PHALLIC STAGE (3-5yrs)
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| psychodynamic theorists proposed mechanisms at work in hysterical somatoform disorders (2) | 1. primary gain- keep internal conflicts out of awareness
2. secondary gain - symptoms further enable them to avoid unpleasant activities or receive sympathy from others
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| hysterical disorders: behavioral view | physical symptoms bring rewards to sufferers-remove individuals from unpleasant relationship or attention. in response, display more prominently. (often develops after friend has similar medical issue)
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| hysterical disorders: cognitive view | hysterical disorders are forms of communication, expressin emotions otherwise hard to convey *also believe that they're converting emotions into physical but different is not to defend against axiety but COMMUNICATE feelings in a familiar way
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| hysterical disorders: | -transformation of of personal distress into somatic complaints isnorm in non-western cultures
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| why placebos work | belief or expectation can trigger certain chemicals thruout body into action - can spark interhnal healing
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| treatment for preoccupation somatoform | - antidepressant drugs
-exposure and response prevention (prevented from checking appearance)
-cognitive: identify, test and change distorted thoughts about appearance
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| treatment for hysterical somatoform | focus on cause of disorder (trauma, anxiety)
psychodynamic: try to help individuals become conscious of and resolve fears
-behavior: exposure treatment, repeated exposure
-biological: antianxiety or antidepressants
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| ways to address phyiscal symptoms in hysterical disorders | suggestion reinforcement (remove rewards for sick behaviors), conforontation (force out of sick role by straightforwardly telling them dont have physical basis
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| increase in number of asian women who pursue cosmetic surgery | sevenfold
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| key to our best present and future | memory!
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| when changes to memory lack clear physical cause | dissociative disorder
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| disorder in which people feel as though they have become detached from their own mental processes or body and are observing from outside | depersonalization disorder
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| most common form of amnesia- person loses all memory of events that took place within a limited period of time (usually disturbing occurence) | localized amnesia (forgotten period called amestic episode)
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| second most common form of dissociative amnesia- remember some but not all events that occur during a period of time | selective amnesia
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| amnesia in which can't remember earlier periods of life in addition to traumatic event | generalized amnesia (in extreme cases might not recognize family and friends)
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| amnesia in which forgetting continues into the present | continuous amensia (more likely in organic amnesia)
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| % of population with dissocitative fugue | .2%
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| 3 types of relationships in DID | -mutually amnesic relationships (no awareness of one another)
-mutually cognizant patterns (well aware of rest)
-oneway amnesic relationships *most common*subpersonalities are aware of others, but awareness not mutual
-co-conscious subpersonalities
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| co conscious personalities | quiet observers personalities who watch actions and thoughts of other subpersonalities but do not interact
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| DID produced by practitioners | iatrogenic
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| dissociative disorders: psychodynamic perspective | caused by repression. DID is thought to result from a lifetime of excessive repression esp of abusive parenting
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| dissociative disorders: behavioral | learned via operant conditioning (relief)
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| steps taken in therapy for DID | 1. recognize fully the nature of the their sidorder 2. recover the gaps in their memory and 3. integrate their subpersonalities into one funtional personality
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