Crop Science Midterm
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Hydrophytes | love aquatic enviroments
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| Xerophytes | love very dry climates
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| Halophytes | tolerate high soil salinity
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| pericarp | the seed coat and pericarp are fused which makes the fruit a caryopsis
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| endosperm | carbohydrates and other energy-containing compounds that the embyro uses during its germination
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| cotyledon | embryonic seed leaf. sometimes it is called the scutellum
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| coleoptile | protective sheath covering that covers and protects the foliar or true leaves during emergence of the seedling through the soil
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| Plumule | contains the embryonic foliar leaves and the mesocotyl. it develops into the shoot that emerges above the ground
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| hypocotyl | connects to the radicle
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| radicle | develops into the primary root at germination
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| Mesophyte | middle of the road water requirement, almost all plants
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| A grass seed is technically called a | caryopsis
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| most grasses have _________ emergence | hypogeal
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| hypogeal emergence | the cotyledons remain below ground.
The epicotyl (stem above the cotyledons) grows and raises the plumule out of the soil.
FOOD SOURCE BELOW GROUND
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| epigeal emergence | above ground germination. hypocotyl (hypocotyl is the stem below the cotyledons) pushes the cotyledons above ground.
FOOD SOURCE ABOVE GROUND
The cotyledons function as leaves until the true leaves emerge.
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| Crops planted as cover and then tilled under to enrich the soil | green manure crops
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| Plants that are able to tolerate a high degree of soil salinity are called | halophyte
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| In ________ emergence of the food source emerges from the soil instead of remaining in the soil during germination | epigeal
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| The standard deviation is best described as | a measure of dispersion or variation about the mean
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| List of Macronutrients | nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur, calcium
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| Plant Micronutrients | boron, zinc, copper, iron, chloride, manganese, molybdenum
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| Common nutrient deficiency symptoms in crop plants | include chlorosis, necrosis, and stunting
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| chlorosis | plant nutrient deficiency that results in yellow color due to a lack of chlorphyll.
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| Interveinal Chlorosis | spacing between veins are chlorotic, but the veins are green
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| Uniform Chlorosis | all tissues are chlorotic
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| Necrosis | plant nutrient deficiency that results in death of the tissue (browning of the leaves)
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| Stunting | plant nutrient deficiency that results in growth slowdown
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| The first structure to emerge from a germinating seed in both dicots and monocots it the: | Radicle
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| nutrient deficiency symptoms that first show up in "new growth" tissue are usually associated with | a deficiency of immobile nutrient elements
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| A fertilizer applicator with a width of 30 feet applies 50lbs of material as it travels a distance of 200ft. Approximately how much fertilizer is being applied, in pounds per acre? | a little more than 360
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| Compared to dicots, corn and other grasses are generally less damaged by frost or hail within the first few days of emergence because | their growing point is still below the soil surface, even several days after emergence
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| Two nutrient elements that are central to the structure of the chlorophyll molecule are | magnesium and nitrogen
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| A soil test recommendation calls for 120lbs/A of nitrogen for a wheat crop. How much of a fertilizer material with analysis of 33-0-0 would need to be applied per acre to meet his recommendation | 360 lbs
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| The food supply in seeds for grasses is the endosperm, while in dicots the food supply is the | cotyledon
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| The major advantage of the tetrazolium test for determining seed viability is | is it quicker than any other test
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| The purpose of the warm germination test is to | give an accurate picture of germination under the best conditions
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| The major parts of a grass lead include the | blade, sheath, and collar
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| Leaf venation in dicots is the net type, while in monocots lead venation is | parallel type lead venation
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| Vascular tissue in monocot roots is arranged in the shape of a circle, while vascular tissue in dicot roots is arranged in the shape of a | Cross
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| The primary mechanisms of growth in both dicots and grasses are | cell division and cell elongation
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| If you cut the top 1/4 portion of dicot and monocot plants, what do you expect | monocots continue growth, while dicots must regrow from lateral buds
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| broadcast fertilization | Uniform distribution over the whole cropped field.
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| Band fertilization | placing fertilizers in bands to one or both sides of the rows.
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| Endosperm | food supply in monocot seeds
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| Cotyledon | food supply in dicots
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| Seed coat | protects the embryo and food supply
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| Apical Meristem | the growing point at the top of a dicot plant
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| Intercalcary Meristem | growing points that occur all along the plant like a telescope. present in grasses
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| Growth Rate in Plants | occurs as a sigmoidal curve, slow at first, then rapid, and then slowing down again.
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| Mobile Nutrient deficiency symptoms | appear first in older tissue
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| Immobile Nutrient deficiency symptoms | usually appear first in new growth tissue
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| Dry Fertilizer Application Formula | Pounds/acre = pounds applied / (distance x width) ÷ 43560 ft
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| Adjusted Seeding Rate Formula | recommended plant population/ % expected field emergence ÷ 100
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| Poaceae | grasses
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| Fabaceae | legumes
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| Malvaceae | cotton
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| Solanaceae | tomatoes, tobacco
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| Grain crops | wheat, corn, sorghum
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| Forage crops | fescue, bahaigrass
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| Oil crops | soybean, canola
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| Pulse crops | large seeded legumes, intended for human consumption. examples: pea, lima beans
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| Root crops | radish, carrots, sugarbeet
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| tuber crops | white potatoe
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| sugar crops | sugar cane, sugar beet
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| Fiber crops | cotton, hemp
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| cover crop | crop that covers the ground during winter. example: ryegrass, clovers
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| catch crop | planted after a primary crop fails
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| companion crop | also called nurse crop. helps in the establishment of the main crop. example: oat provides protection against weed for alfalfa
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| trap crop | planted to attract pests away from a main crop.
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| annual crop | seed to seed in 1 growing season example: cotton, peanut
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| biennial crop | seed to seet in 2 growing seasons. 1st year is vegetative growth, 2nd year is reproductive growth example:cabbage, celery, beet
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| perennial crop | live indefinitley
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| herbaceous plants | soft succulents, little cambium layer growth
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| woody plants | active cambium layer, high cellulose and lingin fibers. poorly digested compounds.
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| Root functions | mechanical support, absorbtion of water and nutrients, foos storage
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| root tissues | epidermis, cortex, endodermis, vascular cylinder
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| Differences in monocot and dicot roots | main difference is that vascular tissue in dicot roots are shaped like a cross, but they are cylindrical in the monocots
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| what is the leaf edge called? | leaf margin
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| 5 known types of plant hormones | auxins, giberellins, cytokinins, absisic acidm and ethylene
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| giberellins | cause plant to grow
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| absisic acid | inhibits plant growth
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| tween | an agent (detergent) that helps giberillic acid stick to leaves
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