midterm
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| Gentiles | One who is not of the Jewish faith or is of a non-Jewish nation
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| ChristianCatechesis/Catchumen | One who is being taught the principles of Christianity
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| Bishops | A high-ranking cleric, in churches, in charge of a diocese, regarded as having received the highest ordination in unbroken succession from the apostles
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| Apostle | Religious messenger or ambassador in the Christian church the 12 apostles are those who spread the gospel after Jesus’s death
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| Eucharist/Baptism | Symbol of the body of Christ and is given during mass while baptism is the practice of cleansing ones soul
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| (Christians)Eschanton/eschatology | end of the world, end of time, climax of history
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| Confessors | Someone who heard confessions of those who had weakened there faityh during the Great persecution. Normally those who suffered during the persecution because they stayed with their faith.
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| Perpetua & Felicity | 2 Christian martyrs who are debated because of they are so willing to give up their children Circa 202
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| Martyr | One who chooses to suffer death rather than renounce religious principles
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| Metanoia | repentance; change in heart; spiritual conversion
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| Liturgy | Customary public worship done by specific religious group (repentance, thanksgiving, Mass, marriage and death.
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| Apostasy | a formal disaffiliation of religion by a person
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| Diocletian | East Roman Emperor before Constantine. Last Emperor in the tetrarchy before Constantine. Presided over the Little Peace until 303 where he outlawed Christianity leading to The Great Persecution.
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| Tetrarchy | system of Government (power divided into 4) used by Roman Emperor Diocletian in 293 A.D
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| Edict of Milan | Ruling of Constantine that allowed religious freedom in the west(313
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| The Great Persecution | Occurred under Diocletian, time when Christians were actively persecuted for religious beliefs
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| Arianism/ Donatism | (318a.d.-381 a.d) teachings of Arius; that Jesus Christ is not eternal; the church declared this heresy after council of Nicea and adopting the Nicene Creed to fight it
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| Coucil of Arles/Nicea | was a council of Christian bishops convened in Nicaea in Bithynia (present day Turkey) by the Roman Emperor Constantine I in A.D. 325
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| Monotheism | belief of the existence of one god
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| Simony | crime of paying for sacraments and consequently for holy offices and positions in the hierarchy of the church.
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| Missi Dominici | envoy of the lord, official commissioned by king to supervise admin
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| Oath of fidelity/fealty | promise of faithfulness and allegiance
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| Holy Roman Empire | West Roman Empire, dubbed Holy Roman Empire in 800 upon the coronation of Charlemagne by the pope
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| Lord/ Vassal | relation in feudalism where the lord provided protection, law and land(known as a fief) and the vassal was a fighting man who also offered gifts/dues to the lord.
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| Benefice/ fief | under the system of medieval European feudalism, often consisted of inheritable lands or revenue-producing property granted by a lord to a vassal who held seisin in return for a form of allegiance
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| Ottoman Empire | Originating on the Turkish peninsula, feared by Christian Europeans whose large empire lasted till world war I
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| Dhimmi | Surrender Christian or Jew living in the Ottoman Empire who had to pay special taxes and had fewer rights but were allowed religious freedom
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| Abode of Islam/Abode of War | Islam (peace) was the land where Islamic law and god will was enforced. Abode of War places where Islamic law was not enforced and where people were thought to of suffered and it was land that Muslims believed must conquer and enforce Islamic law.
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| Byzantine | Eastern Roman empire with a capital of Constantinople which was captured by the Ottomans
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| Romans persecuted Christians | Atheism because they refused to worship the roman gods and they did not worship the Jewish god (Judaism was legal) Also Jesus was not considered a religious figure because he was executed for political treason. Impiety because the romans feared the go
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| In the 3rd century in the roman empire | Germans were immigrating en masse into Rome and also the Persians were attacking (Rome was in turmoil) then the tetrarchy decided to outlaw Christianity leading to the great persecution during the time the Christians were actively hunted and used in glad
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| Constantine | Born in 272, Gained power by defeating Maxentius and having a vision to put the cross on his soldiers shields( First Christian Epiphany) Makes Christianity Legal with the Edict of Milan in 313 then makes it the official religion in 320. Built Constantino
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| Positive and negative effects of Constantine’s Support | Positive-Allowed Religious Freedom in the Empire, Built Major city Constantiople. United the Empire under one Ruler and broke up the Tetarchy.
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| Biography of St. Benedict of Nursia | He went to go to school in Rome. Horrified by Wild West atmosphere of the city and left to join the monastic life. Lived in a cave in Subiaco. Asked by the townspeople to be the Abbot. Didn’t like him as abbot and tried to poison his drink however cup sha
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| 5 Essential Elements of Monastic Life according St. Benedictine Rule | 1. pray to promote a loving relationship with god 2. holy readings lexio divina 3. Silence- to hear the word of god 4. Community- life to learn to love one another is a way to love god 5. work- live a balanced life, give glory to good,participates in
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| 3 Vows a Monk must make to upon entrance into a Benedictine Community | Obedience-to the Abbot and the Benedictine Rule Stability- vow to persevere in the monastery of their procession until death Conversatio Morum- Attempting to aquire the right mind of life by imitating the life of Jesus (poverty, celibacy, ETC.)
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| Benedictine Monasteries became the primary engines of literacy and culture by | After the Fall on Rome in 476, Most Scholars flee east to Constantinople. The only places where Highly literate Scholastic people are in monasteries.
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| Economic and Cultural Effects from the withdrawal of the Roman Government from Western Europe in the 5th Century | Economically- There was no more currency…therefore the economy was dependent on land and agriculture. Cultural Effects; Cardinals become extremely powerful and are essentially the rulers of their domain of where preside. Also there was no roman army
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| Four Major statements about Medieval Civilization | Based on germanic people Founded on romans and roman things Based on land because there was no money Saw new relationship between church and state.
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| Bio of Charlemagne | Born in 742 died in 814, Illiterate but well learned, 768 he and his brother inherit his father’s domain, however his brother dies and he take his throne. In 778 a Muslim Spanish king asked for aid to fight against another ruler the king however changed
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| Charlemagne seeked to exert power of government over the church by | Saxons made to convert, Exert control of the church. advantages and disadvantages
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| The Cluniac Reform was | The founding of a monastery in 910. This was meant to be an example to other Monasteries as this one operated without interference from secular rulers. Meant to combat Lay investiture and other types of interference and papal elections.
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| The lay investiture was….. and it became controversial because….caused problems between and was resolved how | A secular ruler appointing someone to the position of abbot or cardinal in a public ceremony. In 1075 Pope Gregory VII banned the practice. Much to the despair of Henry IV who needed the ability to strategically appoint allies to those positions. This le
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| Relationship between a lord and a vassal | relation in feudalism where the lord provided protection, law and land (known as a fief) and the vassal was a fighting man who also offered gifts/dues to the lord.
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| Bio of Louis IX (limits on power, advantages in exercising royal power) | Devout Christian ruler, Led two crusades, gained a lot of respect in his first after his army is captured and he refuses to abandon them. Upon returning from the first he appoints a parliament ( acts as the supreme court) Instills a written law and undoes
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| Louis IX Christian Faith helped his rule for good and bad reasons | good- he worked to help the poor, made sure he made reforms that would be favorable to god (He wanted his crusades to be successful) Bad- Violently intolerant of other religions and branded those who committed blasphemy.
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| Mehmed the conqueror was | Ottoman sultan who lived from 1432 to 1481. Conquered Constantinople in 1453. Duties of a Muslim ruler regarding the conquest of non-Muslim countries was that they must first offer surrender and if they do surrender they aren’t to be harmed and if they a
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| Abode of Islam and the Abode of war was | Islam (peace) was the land where Islamic law and god will was enforced. Abode of War places where Islamic law was not enforced and where people were thought to of suffered and it was land that Muslims believed must conquer and enforce Islamic law.
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