Stack #57010
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| Columbian Exposition | 12 million ppl travelled to chicago to see the progress of american industrialization
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| old immigrants | northern/western europe(britain, germany, scandinavia), protestants/some irish&german catholics, english speaking mostly, literate, skilled, fit in in the 1880's
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| new immigrants | 1890's-1914, southern/eastern europe(italians, greeks, croats, slovaks, poles, russians), poor, illiterate peasants, unaccustomed to democratic traditions, jewish/roman catholic/greek or russian orthodox, unskilled
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| statue of liberty | beacon of hope for poor and oppressed immigrants, sculpted by Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi in 1870's
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| chinese exclusion act- 1882 | banned all new immigrants from china
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| ellis island | opened in 1892, immigration center
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| contract labor law | 1885, prohibited contract labor to protect american workers
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| American protective association | nativist society prejudiced against roman catholics, tried to restrict immigration
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| urbanization | shift in population from rural to urban
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| streetcar cites | people could live in residences miles away from their jobs bc they could commute to work on streetcars, eventually replaced with electric trolleys, elevated rr's, and subways
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| mass transportation | segregated urban workers by income, wealthy moved to streetcar suburbs to escape the crime/poverty/pollution
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| skyscrapers | built when land values increased, 1885-1st by William Le Baron Jenny, tenstory high building in chicago, steel skeleton made possible by otis elevator and central steam heating system
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| ethnic neighborhoods | groups where they could keep their culture, language, religion, etc, lived in dumbbell tenements
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| ghettos | crowded, unhealthy, crime ridden neighborhoods where immigrants lived
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| Edward Bellamy, Looking Backward | 1888, popular book of social criticism, envisioned a future era without poverty, greed, or crime
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| suburbs | where the wealthy lived to escape problems of the cities
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| frederick law olmstead | landscape architect, designed curved roads and open spaces; scenic parks, city boulevards
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| political machine | tightly organized groups of politicians
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| party boss | top politician who gave orders to the rank and file, doled out govt jobs to loyal supporters
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| Henry George- Progress and Poverty | 1879, San francisco journalist, instant best-seller, jolted reders to be more critical of laissez-faire economics
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| settlement house | welleducated middleclass ppl moved into immigrant neighborhoods to learn about their lives and provide social services
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| Jane addams | started the Hull House in 1889, the most famous experiment
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| social gospel movement | applying christian principles to social problems
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| walter rauschenbusch | NY minister, worked in hell's kitchen
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| dwight moody | helped generations of urban evangelists adapt traditional christianity to city life, moody bible institute
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| salvation army | 1879, provided the basic necessities of life for the homeless and poor, preaching christian gospel
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| mary baker eddy | taught that good health was the result of correct thinking of "father mother god"
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| nat'l americans womens association | elizabeth cady stanton and susan b anthony founded to secure the vote for women
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| womens christian temperance union | advocating total abstinence from alcohol
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| frances e willard | led WCTU
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| antisaloon league | 1893, persuaded 21 states to close down all saloons and bars
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| carry A nation | Kansas, raided saloons, smashed barrels of beer with a hatchet
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| anthony comstock | NY, former the society for the suppressed of vice, watchdo gof american morals
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| charles w eliot | president of Harvard, reduced the # of required courses, introduced electives
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| johns hopkins university | founded in 1876, baltimore, 1st american institution to specialize in advanced graduate studies
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| oliver wendell holmes | tught that the law should evolve with the times in response to changing needs
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| w. e. b. du bois | 1st african american to recieve a doctorate from harvard, studied crime, advocated black rights, integrated schools, etc
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| Bret Harte | regionalist writer, depicted life in rough mining camps of the west
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| mark twain | samuel l clemens, 1st great realist, revealed greed, racism, violence in american society
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| william dean howells | realist, considered problems of industrialization and inequal wealth- a hazard of fortunes
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| lester f ward | leading sociologist
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| clarence darrow | famous lawyer, argued criminal behavior could be caused by a persons environmental poverty, neglect, and abuse
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| stephen crane | naturalist, told how a brutal urban environment could destroy the lives of young ppl- Maggie a girl of the streets, fear and human nature- Red badge of courage
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| jack london | CA, conflict between nature and civilization- Call of the Wild
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| theodore dreiser | shocked moral sensibilities of the time, novel about a poor working girl- Sister Carrie
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| winslow homer | painter of seascapes and watercolors
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| thomas eakins | painted the everyday lives of working class, serial action photos to study human anatomy 4 better paintings
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| james mcneill whistler | sailed to Europe, paris/ london, Arrangement in grey and black, studied color
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| mary cassatt | impressionism, spent time in france, pastels
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| ashcan school | social realists, painted scenes of everyday life in poor neighborhoods
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| Armory show of 1913 | NYC, nonrepresentational paintings that were rejects by most
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| henry hobson richardson | romanesque architecture, massive stone walls, rounded arches
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| louis sullivan | chicago, aesthetic unity in tall, steel-framed office buildings
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| chicago school | architecture school
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| frank lloyd wright | organic style, in prairie houses, harmony w/ natural surroundings
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| daniel burnham | revived classical greek and roman architecture
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| john philip sousa | composed popular marches
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| jelly roll morton and buddy bolten | greatest innovators, intorduced jazz
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| scott joblin; ragtime | black composer/perfomer, sold almost 1 million copies
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| jazz | combined african rhythms w/ western style instruments, mixed improvisation with a structured band format
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| joseph pulitzer | -New York World, filled daily newspaper w/ stories of crime and disaster, political and economic corruption
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| william randolph hearst | NY publisher of scandals
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| P T Barnum, James A Bailey | greatest show on earth, circus
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| Buffalo Bill, Annie Oakley | (WIlliam f Cody)-wild west show, markswoman
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| John L Sullivan | heavyweight boxer, most famous athlete
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| Spectator sports | baseball, football, basketball, boxing
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| bachelor sports | sports centered around 20-30 yr old bachelors
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