Types of Tissues
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| germ layers | the primary tissue layers that will produce the major tissue types |
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| 3 primary germ layers | ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm |
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| ectoderm | outside germ layer in the digestive system, liver, pancreas and lungs |
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| mesoderm | middle germ layer that forms muscle and cardiovascular systems, also in blood and skeleton |
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| endoderm | inside germ layer that forms skin and nervous system |
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| histology | study of tissues |
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| 3 tissue types | epithelia, connective, muscle, and neural |
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| tissue | groups of cells and their non-cellular products similar in structure and function |
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| epithelium tissue | almost no intercellular space b/t cells, has no blood supply, cells are attached by basement membrane, has 3 categories |
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| connective tissue | found throughout body internally, designed to connect other tissues, most abundant tissue, has more non-cellular parts than cells, has 4 categories |
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| nervous tissue | composed of neurons and support cells, has more support cells than neurons |
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| muscle tissue | specialized in contraction, different cell structure in its power, subdivided into three categories |
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| epithelium tissue structure | has 2 types: simple and stratified and 3 kinds of shapes: squamous, cuboidal, and columnar |
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| connective tissue structure | has 4 types: connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, blood |
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| nervous tissue function and area | gives commans, controls, and communicates, found in brain, spinal chord, and nerves |
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| muscle tissue structure | subdivided into 3 tissue types: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth |
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| simple epithelium tissue | single layered cells |
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| stratified epithelium tissue | multiple layered cells, classified by the cells on top (apical layer) |
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| simple squamous epithelial cells | flat tissue cells found in the lungs and lining of the blood | cells that reduce friction, for lining and protection
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| simple cuboidal epithelial cells | cube-like cells found in kidneys | cells that secrete and absorb
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| simple columnar epithelial cells | long and tall looking cells found in digestive tract | cells that secrete and absorb
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| simple ciliated columnar epithelial cells | long with hair-like structures found in uteran tubes | cells that transport eggs or sperm to site of fertilization
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| pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial cells | long cells with smaller cells all connected to basement membrane found in upper respiratory tract | cell that protects, secretes, brings up mucous
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| stratified keritonized squamous epithelial cells | layered skin cells containing insoluble protein found in hair and nails | cells that protect
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| stratified non-keritonized squamous epithelial cells | live, wet surface cells located in lips, esophagus, oral/nasal cavity, and vagina | cells that provide resistance from abrasions as long as it is kept moist
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| transitional epithelial cells | cells have several layers and vary in shape, found in urinary bladder | cells that stretch
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| connective tissue | tissue found throughout body and designed to connect other tissues, is the most abundant and has more non-cellular products than actual cells that helps classify tissue |
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| 4 types of connective tissue | connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, and blood |
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| 3 basic components of all connective tissue | specialized cells, extracellular protein fibers, and fluid called ground substance |
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| loose areolar connective tissue | part of connective tissue proper, has a lot of non-cell products, looks like threads w/some cells, found underneath epithelium tissue | tissue that provides padding and stretches
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| adipose tissue | part of the connective tissue proper composed of fat cells, tightly packed found under skin | tissue that serves as packing and energy source
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| reticular connective tissue | part of connective tissue proper that has blackish thorns, found in lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen | tissue that acts as a net to catch immune or blood cells
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| dense regular connective tissue | part of the connective tissue proper that has collagen proteins(pink fibers), found in tendons and ligaments | tissue that attaches bones to bones
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| dense irregular connective tissue | part of the connective tissue proper that has collagen fibers that go every which way, found in the dermis of skin | tissue acts like leather on the skin, protecting it from abrasions
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| hyaline cartilage | meaning rubber, this cartilage has cells called chondrocytes surrounded by lacunae or pool, found in rib cage | cartilage reinforces and supports and is strong and flexible
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| elastic cartilage | cartilage that has black elastic-like hairy fibers located in the external ear | cartilage that gives flexibility and support to organ
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| fribrocartilage cartilage | cartilage with blue collagen fibers found in the intervertebral disc of the vertebrae | cartilage supports knee and spinal joints because of its strength
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| bone (osseous tissue) | tissue has hard solid non-cellular products (matrix) yet somewhat flexible located in bones | tissue provides structure
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| blood tissue | part of connective tissue composed of red and white cells, found in blood vessels | tissue transports oxygen and nutrients, removes waste, and transports hormones
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| nervous tissue | tissue composed of neurons and an abundance of yellow support cells, found in brain, spinal chord, and nerves | tissue commands, controls, and communicates
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| muscle tissue | tissue specialized for contraction, has 3 types of tissue that differ in organization | tissue capable of powerful contractions that shorten the cell
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| 3 types of muscle tissue | skeletal, cardiac, and smooth |
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| skeletal muscle | tissue is long, cylindrical, striated and multinucleate, mixed with conn. tissue and neural tissue | tissue moves the skeleton, guards the e/e to digestive, respiratory, and urinary tracts, generates heat, protects internal organs
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| cardiac muscle | cells are short, branched, and striated, usually with single nucleus, cells are interconnected by intercalated discs, located in the heart | tissue circulates blood and maintains blood pressure
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| smooth muscle | tissue cells are short, spindle-shaped, and nonstriated, with single, central nucleus, found in walls of blood cells and in digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive organs, has a lot of nuclei | moves food, urine, and reproductive tract secretions, controls the diameter of respiratory pathways and blood vessels
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| Exocrine glands | glandular epithilia that secrete products onto the epithelia surface or ducts, located on the surface | examples include sebaceous, sweat, mammary, and salivary glands
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| Endocrine glands | glandular epithelia that secrete products (hormones) directly into the blood |
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