Marano -Astronomy- Stars
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| stars | ball of dust and gas (H and He)
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| star's color | depends on temperature
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| blue-colored star | 30,000 degrees
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| white-colored star | 7500 degrees
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| yellow-colored star | 5 to 6,000 degrees
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| red-colored star | 3500 degrees (coolest)
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| Stars are classified by | temperature, brightness
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| Before telescopes, the brightest star in the sky was called | first magnitude
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| Before telescopes, the dimmest star in the sky was called | sixth magnitude
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| Apparent magnitude | how bright a star looks
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| Absolute magnitude | actual temperature
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| HR diagram | shows relationship between a star's temperature and absolute magnitude
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| blue stars expand into | giants or supergiants
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| main sequence | where stars spend most of their lives
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| white dwarfs | small, hot stars that are the leftover centers of old stars, near the end of life
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| nebula | large cloud of gas and dust in space
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| gravity causes a nebula to | condense (squish), get hot and create the core
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| nuclear fusion | when hydrogen joins with hydrogen, helium and hydrogen + a lot of energy
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| When nuclear fusion begins | a star is born
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| Young stars have a lot of | hydrogen
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| Older stars have less hydrogen and more | helium
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| When most of hydrogen fuel is gone, the outer layer of gas begins to expand, cool and glow red- called | Red (super) giant
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| When a red giant uses up most of its hydrogen and helium, gravity squishes the star, and it gets hotter-called | White dwarf
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| No energy, heat or light just a small, dense, cold lump called | Balck Dwarf or Cold Star
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| supernova | a massive star that may explode in a flash of light
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| Death of a large star by explosion happens when | outer layers collapse too quickly
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| neutron star | some exploded particles pull together
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| pulsar | spinning neutron star
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| black hole | after a supernova particles clumped together to size of small point- even light
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