BIO345- Lecture 3
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
What does Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium demonstrate? | The persistence of allele frequencies over time
🗑
|
||||
What did Dobzhansky do? | Linked mechanism (ns) w
🗑
|
||||
What happened in 1952? | The discovery of the significance and structure of DNA
🗑
|
||||
When did the ability to sequence DNA come about? | 1960s
🗑
|
||||
Allele | a different form of a gene
🗑
|
||||
Genotype | the specific allele combinations in an individual
🗑
|
||||
Phenotype | The observed traits of an individual affected by both genotype and environment
🗑
|
||||
Does natural selection operate on genotype or phenotype? | Phenotype
🗑
|
||||
What are 3 ways to describe genotypes? | Homozygous, heterozygous, hemizygous
🗑
|
||||
Homozygous (aka ?) | aka “true breeding”- Both alleles are the same
🗑
|
||||
Heterozygous | A genotype that has 2 different alleles
🗑
|
||||
Hemizygous | A haploid genotype- there is only 1 allele present
🗑
|
||||
What are 4 ways to describe phenotype? | dominant, recessive, incomplete dominance, codominance
🗑
|
||||
Dominant | A given allele is expressed
🗑
|
||||
Recessive | A given allele is masked
🗑
|
||||
Incomplete dominance | phenotype is intermediate (~pink)
🗑
|
||||
Codominance | Both alleles are expressed (intermediate- ~red & white)
🗑
|
||||
How do we get blood type? | A transferase creates specific glycoproteins that act as antigens and are placed on the cell's surface; These antigens give you your blood types (A antigens = type A, no antigens = type O)
🗑
|
||||
What are the 4 blood types? | A (A glycoprotein), B (B glycoprotein), AB (both A & B glycoproteins), O (no recognizable glycoprotein)
🗑
|
||||
How many alleles are there for blood type? | 3 (A, B, & O)
🗑
|
||||
At what gene locus is blood type? | Transferase
🗑
|
||||
How many genotypes are there for blood type? | 6 (A, AO, B, BO, AB, OO)
🗑
|
||||
How many phenotypes are there for blood type? | 4 (A, AB, B, O)
🗑
|
||||
How are genotypes translated into phenotypes? | Replication, transcription, & translation
🗑
|
||||
Replication | The process by which DNA is copied
🗑
|
||||
Transcription | The process by which information in DNA is transferred into messenger RNA (mRNA); mRNA is created in the nucleus & must be transported to the cytoplasm where ribosomes await
🗑
|
||||
Translation | The process by which information in mRNA is utilized to create proteins on ribosomes
🗑
|
||||
Why are there different genotypes? | Mutation
🗑
|
||||
Mutation | An inherited change in the DNA
🗑
|
||||
Does order of the nucleotides matter and why? | Yes- specific nucleotide sequences make up specific amino acids which help to create a protein
🗑
|
||||
What are the two major types of mutations? | Micromutations and macromutations
🗑
|
||||
What are the 4 types of micromutations? | Synonymous, missense, nonsense, frameshift
🗑
|
||||
Synonymous mutation | A change in a nucleotide base doesn't cause a change in an amino acid [sequence]
🗑
|
||||
Missense mutation | A change in a nucleotide base causes a change in amino acid [sequence]
🗑
|
||||
Frameshift mutation | A change in amino acid sequence occurs following the insertion of one nucleotide base
🗑
|
||||
Nonsense mutation | When a nucleotide mutation causes a stop codon to be translated and there is premature termination of protein synthesis
🗑
|
||||
Which of the four micromutations have the least impact on phenotype? | Synonymous (no change in amino acid sequence)
🗑
|
||||
Which of the four micromutation shave the greatest impact on phenotype? | Frameshift & nonsense
🗑
|
||||
What are the four types of macromutations? | Deletions, duplications, Inversions, & Reciprocal Translocations
🗑
|
||||
Deletion | ABCDEFG → ABEFG
🗑
|
||||
Duplication | AB\CDEFG + ABCD\EFG → AB\EFG + ABCDCDEFG
🗑
|
||||
Inversion | ABCDEFG → ABEDCFG
🗑
|
||||
Reciprocal translocation | AB\CDEFG + HIJKL\MNOP → ABMNOP + HIJKLCDEFG
🗑
|
||||
What are 3 types of posttranslational processing? | Proteolysis, glycosylation, & phosphorylation
🗑
|
||||
Proteolysis | In creating a protein the mRNA is spliced
🗑
|
||||
Glycolysation | In creating a protein the mRNA has sugar added to it
🗑
|
||||
Phosphorylation | In creating a protein the mRNA has phosphate added to it
🗑
|
||||
What happens after posttranslational processing? | Proteins are assembled into functional molecules (like hemoglobin, a tetramer)
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
817229501
Popular Science sets