vocab
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| the number of electrons in the outermost shell that have the highest energy level and are held most loosely in place | valence electrons
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| the number of __________ determines many properties of the element, including ways in which the atom can _________ with other atoms | electrons/bonds
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| a symbol for an element surronded by dots the represent the number of __________ __________. It is a visual representation. | valence electrons and this is the definition of a electron dot diagram
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| is a characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance into another substance | physical property
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| give 3 examples of a physical property | color, hardness, texture, shine, flexibility
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| is a characteristic of a substance that describes its ability to change into other substances | chemical property
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| give 3 examples of a chemical property | burning, tarnishing, rusting
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| is any change that alters the form or apperance of a substance but that does not make the substance into another substance | physical change
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| give 3 examples of a physical change | bending, breaking, cutting, crushing, phase change
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| is a change in matter that produces one or more new substances | chemical reaction
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| give 3 examples of a chemical reaction | burning, glow sticks, our reaction
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| a reaction in which energy is absorbed | endothermic reaction
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| give an example of an endothermic reaction | frying an egg
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| a reaction that releases energy in the form of heat | exothermic reaction
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| give an example of an exothermic reaction | fuel + oxygen changing into energy in an engine
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| a short, easy way to show a chemial reaction using symbols instead of words | chemical equations
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| the small number following a chemical symbol that tells how many atoms there are of that element. If there is no number after the symbol it is understood to be one. | subscript
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| are large numbers in front of an element that tell how many molecules there are of that compound | coefficents
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| everything that goes into a chemical equation or what is on the left of the arrow | reactants
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| everything that comes out of the reaction or is on the right side of the arrow | products
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| shows that a chemical reaction has taken place. reads "yields" or "to produce" | arrow
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| are used to separate two or more reactants or products. on the reactant side it is read as "combindes with" on product side it is read as "and" | plus signs
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| states that during a chemical reaction matter is not created or destroyed. Whatever goes in on the reactant side must come out on the product side in the same amount. They can be in a different form. | Conservation of mass
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| states that the total mass of the reactant must equal the total mass of the product. | The principle of Conservation of Mass
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| is a chemical reaction in which some of the products escape and can’t be measured | open system
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| is a chemical reaction that takes place in a contained setting where all products can be measured | closed system
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| give an example of a open system | fireplace
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| give an example of a closed system | our reaction in ziploc
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| the same number of atoms of each element must be on each side of the equation. | Golden Rule
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| the basic particle from which all elements are made | atom
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| a neutral particle made of two or more atoms joined by covalent bonds | molecule
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| a pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by physical or chemical means | element
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| a pure substance made of two or more elements chemically combinde | compound
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| name the 3 parts of the atom, where they are and what there charge is | proton-in nucleus-positive charge neutron-in nucleus-no charge electron- in electron cloud- negative charge
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| force of attraction between two atoms | chemical bond
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| what did Henri Becquerel discover? | the effects of radioactive decay while studying a mineral containing uranium
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| What did Marie and Pierre Curie discover? | radioactivity
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| the spontaneous emission of radiation by unstable atomic nucleus | radioactivity
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| what 2 elements did Marie Curie discover? | polonium & radium
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| consist of two protons and two neutrons with a positive charge | alpha particle
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| fast-moving electron givin off by the nucleus during radioactive decay | beta particle
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| consists of high-energy waves, similar to X-rays. Has no charge and does not change the atomic number or atomic mass | gamma radiation
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| name the uses of radioactive isotopes | tracing the steps in a chemical reaction and industrial process, and diagnosing and treating disease
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| are radioactive isotopes that can be followed through the steps of a chemical reaction or industrial process | tracers
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