ch. 1-3 human develo
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| maturation | depending heavily on biological issues
( puberty, walking, talking )
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| learning | the result of the persons interactions with the environment
( studying, test taking )
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| Domains | physical
cognitive
personality
socioculture
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| physical domain | shape
size
motor skills
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| cognitive domain | perceiving
reasoning
thinking
problem solving
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| Personality domain | personality traits
sense of self
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| socioculture domain | socialization
enculturation
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| enculturation | occurs as welearn about our culture more or less on our own by observing and absorbing rather than being taught
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| theory of natural selection | centers around a concept often reffered to as " survival of the fittest"
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| Freuds theory | children learn moral concepts
( the idea that little girls view themselves as castraded males and therfore experience "penis envy"
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| Freuds phsycosexual stages | Oral
anal
phallic
latency
genital
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| oral stage | birth to 18 months
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| anal stage | 18 months to 3 years
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| latency stage | 6 years to 12 yearss
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| genital stage | 12 years and up
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| erik eriksons theory | personlity development derives from freuds theory instead of focusing on unconscious process his views emphasize conscious forces
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| classical conditioning | major way in which human development and behavior are influenced by environmental events
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| B.F Skinners research | describes how rewards and punishments influence our actions
he discovered that we tend to repeat good actions and discontinue bad ones
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| Phallic stage | 3 years to 6 years
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| Bandura's research | a view that emphasizes the influence of the social behavior of others on our learning
recognized that children and adults observe their own behaviorr
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| Case study | one of the earliest methods used to study human development
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| Correlation coefficient | numerical value that describes the variables relationship to one another
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| Positive Correlation | relationship where one variable increases and the other increases as well
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| Negative correlation | relationship where as one variable increases the other one decreases
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| informed consent | a clear statement of the purpose, preocedures, risks, and benefits as well as the obligations and commitments of both the participants
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| what do genes do?? | build proteinss
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| what are 2 ways cells can divide?? | mitosis meiosis
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| mitosis | cells replicating
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| meiosis | humans reproduce
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| which chromosome pair determines the sex of your child?? | X and Y
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| sex linked disorder | occurs when gametes dont repliccate correctly ( color blind )
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| autosomal disorder | can result from defective genes or form extra or missing chromosomes ( down syndrome )
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| hemophiliac | blood clotss
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| genetic counseling | resource that can helo potential parents evaluate genetic risk factors in childbearing.
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| concordance | ??
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| heritability | trait that is inherited from genetic factors
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| habituation | learning to stop attending to a stimulous or change in the environment
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| which race higher risk for sickle cell anemia? | arican americans
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| phobia | unreasonable fears
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| shaping | reinforcing succesive approximations to a desired behavior
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| ethnocentrism | tendency to believe that your cultures,beliefs are true and others are false
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| normative age graded influence | biological and social changes that are predictable
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| normativve history graded influence | historical events that affect large groups f peole
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| non normative influences | indiviual environmental factors that d not occur at any predictable time
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| nuclear family | regular family
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| % of unintended pregnancies | 50%
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| 3 periods of pregnancy | germinal embryonic fetal
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| germianl period | conception to 2 weeks
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| embryonic period | 2 weeks to 9 weeks
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| fetal period | 12 weeks to birth
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| gross to specific trend | fetus initially reacts to tounch
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| maternal age | down syndrome
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| how many pounds should a woman gain while pregnant? | 25 - 35
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| critical period | period at ehich the child is at greatest risk for different abnormalities
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| teratogen | diseases, chemicals for air polutation or water contamination
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| thalidomide | used to realive nausea
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| how much alcohol should be consumed?? | NONE
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| braxton hicks contractions | false labor
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| crowning | baby's head becomes visible
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| episiotomy | incision made to enlarge the vaginal opening
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| ultrasound | harmless high frequency sound waves
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| neonate | a baby in the first month
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| lanugo | hair that covers genitals that eventually fall off
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