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Cycle 3 life science vocab

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Answer
Trait   A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes.  
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Heredity   The passing of traits from parents to offspring  
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Genetics   THe scientific study of heredity  
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Fertilization   The process in which an egg cell and a sperm cell join to form a new organism  
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Purebread   The offspring of many generations that have the same traits.  
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Gene   The set of information that controls a trait; a segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait  
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Allele   The different forms of a gene  
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Dominant Allele   An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present  
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Phenotype   An organism's physical appearance or visible traits.  
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Genotype   An organism's genetic makeup or allele combination.  
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Homozygous   Having two identical alleles for a trait  
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Heterozygous   Having two different alleles for a trait  
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Co-dominance   A condition in which neither of two alleles of a gene is dominant  
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Punnet Square   A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross.  
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Meiosis   The process that occurs in the formation of sex cells (sperm and egg) by which the number of chromosomes is reduced in half  
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Messenger RNA   RNA that copies the coded message from DNA in the nucleus and carries the message into the cytoplasm.  
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Transfer RNA   RNA in the cytoplasm that carries an omino acid to the ribosome and adds it to the growing protein chain.  
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haploid   Having a single set of chromosomes  
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Diploid   Having two sets of chromosomes  
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Hybrid   An organism that has two different alleles for a trait: an organism that is heterozygous for a particular trait.  
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