Lecture Unit 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Prenatal period | First 38 weeks of human development. Scientific weeks.
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| Pre-embryonic period | Weeks 1-2
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| Embryonic period | Weeks 3-8
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| Fetal period | Weeks 9-38
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| Fertilization | When sperm enters egg. Occurs in the uterine tube.
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| Zygote | When genetic material mixes
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| Cleavage | Cell division
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| Morula | 16 cell stage
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| Blastocyst | Composed of 2 parts: Trophoblast-becomes the fetal half of placenta & Embryoblast, Aka: inner cell mass (ICM)-becomes the embryo.
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| Trophoblast | 2 layers: Cytotrophoblast: inner layer & Synctiotrophoblast: Outer layer. Layers form the Chorion which creates fetal part of placenta.
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| The Bilaminar disc | ICM divides. 2 sheets of cells: epiblast (top) & hypoblast (bottom). Epiblast forms embryo & Amnion. Hypolast forms yolk sac.
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| Embryonic period: Formation of Three germ layers | Embryonic period. Primitive streak appears on dorsal surface of epiblast. Gastrulation. Cells that invaginate form mesoderm and endoderm. Remaining cells: ectoderm. Hypoblast regresses.
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| Gastrulation | epiblast cells invaginate (move) through the primitive streak towards the hypoblast.
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| Body folding | Transverse: L & R sides of embyo curve toward midline. Forms cylindrical trunk w/ ectoderm covering exterior. Cephalocaudal: In head and tail regions. Creates future head and butt
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| Ectoderm derivatives | Skin and nervous tissue
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| Endoderm derivatives | Digestive and respiratory systems
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| Mesoderm derivatives | Muscle, tissue, heart, kidneys, reproductive organs
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| Neurulation | The notochord, a tube of mesoderm, forms parallel & deep to primative streak. It stimulates ectoderm to form the neural tube which becomes brain & spinal cord.
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| Induction | One structure influencing another structure to change form
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| Organogenesis | Organ development follows gastrulation and body folding. Most organ systems have developed by week 8. Embryo 1" long.
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| Fetal Period | Growth and maturation of organs
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| Birth defects | 3/100 in US have serious structural birth defect. Causes of 50% of birth defects are unknown.
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| Teratogen | Anything that causes a birth defect. Embryo particularly sensitive during embryonic period.
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| Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) | Preventable. Growth retardation, heart defects, microcephally (small brain), leading cause of mental retardation.
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| Accutane | 25% of bables born to mothers taking Accutane have serious birth defects and 50% are mentally disabled.
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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