Electrolytes & Acid-Base Balances
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Hyponatremia | Sodium level <135mEq/L
Causes- abnormal GI losses (vomitting, diarrhea), renal losses (kidney disease), skin losses (burns, wound drainage, GI obstruction)
Nur Inter- Restrict H2O intake, hypertonic oral & IV fluid, monitor I&O/vitals
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| Hypernatremia | Sodium level >145mEq/L
Causes- water deprivation (NPO), fluid losses, age-related changes (altered thirst mechanism)
Nurs Int- encourage water intake, diuretics, oral hygiene, monitor I&O
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| Hypokalemia | Potassium level <3.5mEq/L
Causes- decreased total body potassium, insufficient potassium, intracellular shift, age-related factors
Nurs Inter-encourage foods high in potassium, monitor for phlebitis, maintain adequate urine output
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| Hyperkalemia | Potassium level >5mEq/L
Nursing Interventions-withhold oral potassium, potassium-losing diuretics,dialysis, monitor cardiac rythm
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| Hypocalcemia | Calcium level <9mg/dL
Nursing Interventions-oral/IV calcium supplements, encourage foods high in calcium, seizure precautions
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| Hypomagnesemia | Magnesium level <1.2mg/d:
Causes- malnutrition, alcohol ingestion
Nursing Inter- discontinue magnesium-losing meds, administer oral/IV magnesium sulfate, encourage foods high in magnesium
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