Lytle - APES Ch 4 Vocab
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| age structure diagram | A population divided into groups by age. Sometimes the groups represent the actual number of each age in the population; sometimes the groups represent the percentage or proportion of the population of each age.
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| birth rate | The rate at which births occur in a population, measured either as the number of individuals born per unit of time or as the percentage of births per unit of time compared with the total population.
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| crude birth rate (CBR) | The number of births per 1,000 individuals per year.
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| child mortality rate | The number of deaths of children under age 5 per 1,000 live births.
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| crude death rate (CDR) | The number of deaths per 1,000 individuals per year.
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| death rate | The rate at which deaths occur in a population, measured either as the number of individuals dying per unit time or as the percentage of a population dying per unit time.
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| demographic transition | The pattern of change in birth and death rates as a country is transformed from undeveloped to developed. There are 3 stages. See the text for more info.
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| demographic transition stage 1 | In an undeveloped country, birth and death rates are high and growth rate is low.
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| demographic transition stage 2 | In a developing country, the death rate decreases, but the birth rate remains high and the growth rate is high.
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| demographic transition stage 3 | In a developed country, the birth rate drops towards the death rate and the growth rate therefore also decreases.
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| developed country | A country with relatively high levels of industrialization and income.
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| developing country | A country with relatively low levels of industrialization and income.
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| doubling time | Time it takes a population to double in size. Often calculated using the Rule of 70.
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| emigration | Movement of people out of a country or region, to settle in another country or region.
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| exponential growth | Growth in which the rate of increase is a constant percentage of the current size; that is, the growth occurs at a constant rate per time period. Graphing the population results in a J-shaped curve.
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| growth rate | The net increase in some factor per unit time. In ecology, the growth rate of a population, sometimes measured as the increase in numbers of individuals or biomass per unit time and sometimes as a percentage increase in # or biomass per unit time.
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| human carrying capacity | Theoretical estimates of the # of humans who could inhabit Earth at the same time.
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| immigration | Movement of people into a country or region, having come from another country or region.
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| infant mortality rate | The number of deaths of children under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births.
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| J-shaped curve | The curve of the exponential growth model when graphed.
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| life expectancy | The estimated average number of years (or other time period used as a measure) that an individual of a specific age can expect to live.
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| logistic carrying capacity | In terms of the logistic curve, the population size at which births equal deaths and there is no net change in the population.
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| logistic growth curve | The S-shaped growth curve that is generated by the logistic growth equation. In the logistic, a small population grows rapidly, but the growth rate slows down, and the population eventually reaches a constant size.
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| maximum lifetime | Genetically determined max. possible age to which an individual of a species can live.
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| population | A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area or interbreeding and sharing genetic information.
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| population dynamics | The study of changes in population sizes and the causes of these changes.
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| replacement-level fertility | The total fertility rate required to offset the average # of deaths in a population in order to maintian the current population size. (The average is just over 2-do you know why?)
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| species | A group of individuals that are morphologically, genetically, and behaviorally similar enough to be capable of interbreeding and producing viable offspring.
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| Total Fertility Rate (TFR) | An estimate of the average number of children that each woman in a population will bear throughout her childbearing years.
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| zero population growth | A population in which the number of births equals the number of deaths so that there is no net change in the size of the population.
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