Microbiology CH 8
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What are the body's first lines of defense against foreign invasion of microbes? | skin, membranes, secretions
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| What happens when the first defensive lines are penetrated? | creates an opening for invasion of microbes
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| How does a fever help the body? | stimulates production of IL-1, stimulates migration of leukocytes to infection to kill pathogens, reduces iron which limits growth of iron-requiring pathogens
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| How does the inflammatory response help the body? | prevents, further spread of pathogen, localizes and contains the infection, contains and neutralizes toxins, aids in repair of damaged tissues
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| What are the outward signs of inflammation? | swelling (edema), redness (blood flow to the area), heat, pain and pus formation
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| How can you recognize an anaphylactic reaction? | itching, flushing, headache, ringing in ears, metallic taste in mouth, difficulty breathing, elevated blood pressure, increased heart rate, restlessness
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| How is an anaphylactic reaction treated? | administer 100% oxygen, inject epinephrine and steroids, start IV fluids, inject Levophed (vasopressor agent used to increase blood pressure)
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| What are autoimmune diseases? | Caused by person's immune system not recognizing a body tissue as being a normal part of the body. The body attempts to destroy the tissue perceived as foreign. Examples: lupus, multiple sclerosis, rheumatiod arthritis and Crohn's disease
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| Why is it important to match blood from a blood bank with the patient's own? | If mismatched, a transfusion reaction will occur.
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| What can happen if mismatched blood is administered? | SOB, rapid pulse, skin pallor, diffuse loss of blood at surgical site, decreased blood oxygen saturation
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| What can be done for the patient if mismatched blood is administered? | stop blood transfusion, steroids are given, urine output is monitored, dialysis may be indicated
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| peristalsis | successive waves of involuntary contraction passing along the walls of a hollow muscular structure (as the esophagus or intestine) and forcing the contents onward compare
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| wandering phagocyte | mobile macrophages that migrate to the infected area
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| lymphokine | any lymphocyte product, as interferon, that is not an antibody but may participate in the immune response through its effect on the function of other cells
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| invaginate | to fold in so that an outer becomes an inner surface
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| Second line of defense | phagocytes, complement and other blood products, interferon, fever production, iron and balance and the inflammatory response
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| Specific phagocytic cells | granulocytes and macrophages
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| neutrophils | most abundant and efficient phagocytes
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| eosinophils | play a efficient phagocytic role during the allergic response
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| two types of macrophages | mobile and fixed
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| fixed macrophage | traps and engulfs foreign debris
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| phagocytosis | engulfing of bacteria and debris
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| Function of lymph nodes | remove microbes from lymph before they reach major ducts that empty into the blood stream
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