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Microbiology CH 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the body's first lines of defense against foreign invasion of microbes? | skin, membranes, secretions |
| What happens when the first defensive lines are penetrated? | creates an opening for invasion of microbes |
| How does a fever help the body? | stimulates production of IL-1, stimulates migration of leukocytes to infection to kill pathogens, reduces iron which limits growth of iron-requiring pathogens |
| How does the inflammatory response help the body? | prevents, further spread of pathogen, localizes and contains the infection, contains and neutralizes toxins, aids in repair of damaged tissues |
| What are the outward signs of inflammation? | swelling (edema), redness (blood flow to the area), heat, pain and pus formation |
| How can you recognize an anaphylactic reaction? | itching, flushing, headache, ringing in ears, metallic taste in mouth, difficulty breathing, elevated blood pressure, increased heart rate, restlessness |
| How is an anaphylactic reaction treated? | administer 100% oxygen, inject epinephrine and steroids, start IV fluids, inject Levophed (vasopressor agent used to increase blood pressure) |
| What are autoimmune diseases? | Caused by person's immune system not recognizing a body tissue as being a normal part of the body. The body attempts to destroy the tissue perceived as foreign. Examples: lupus, multiple sclerosis, rheumatiod arthritis and Crohn's disease |
| Why is it important to match blood from a blood bank with the patient's own? | If mismatched, a transfusion reaction will occur. |
| What can happen if mismatched blood is administered? | SOB, rapid pulse, skin pallor, diffuse loss of blood at surgical site, decreased blood oxygen saturation |
| What can be done for the patient if mismatched blood is administered? | stop blood transfusion, steroids are given, urine output is monitored, dialysis may be indicated |
| peristalsis | successive waves of involuntary contraction passing along the walls of a hollow muscular structure (as the esophagus or intestine) and forcing the contents onward compare |
| wandering phagocyte | mobile macrophages that migrate to the infected area |
| lymphokine | any lymphocyte product, as interferon, that is not an antibody but may participate in the immune response through its effect on the function of other cells |
| invaginate | to fold in so that an outer becomes an inner surface |
| Second line of defense | phagocytes, complement and other blood products, interferon, fever production, iron and balance and the inflammatory response |
| Specific phagocytic cells | granulocytes and macrophages |
| neutrophils | most abundant and efficient phagocytes |
| eosinophils | play a efficient phagocytic role during the allergic response |
| two types of macrophages | mobile and fixed |
| fixed macrophage | traps and engulfs foreign debris |
| phagocytosis | engulfing of bacteria and debris |
| Function of lymph nodes | remove microbes from lymph before they reach major ducts that empty into the blood stream |
Created by:
erbrown75@yahoo.com
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