Intro to Sociology
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Socialization | the lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn culture
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| personality | a person's fairly consistent patterns of acting, thinking, and feeling
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| id | Freud's term for the human being's basic drives
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| ego | Freud's term for a person's conscious efforts to balance innate pleasure seeking drives with the demands of society
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| superego | Freud's term for the cultural values and norms internalized by an individual
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| sensorimotor stage | Piaget's temr for the level of human development at which individuals experience the world only through their senses
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| preoperational stage | Piaget's term for the level of human development at which individuals first use language and other symbols
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| concrete operational stage | Piaget's term for the level of human development at which individuals first see causal connections in their surroundings
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| formal operational stage | Piaget's term for the level of human development at which individuals think abstractly and critically
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| self | George Herbert Mead's term for the part of an individual's personality composed of self-awareness and self-image
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| looking-glass self | Charles Horton Cooley's term for a self-image based on how we think others see us
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| significant others | people, such as parents, who have special importance for socialization
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| generalized other | Mead's term for widespread cultural norms and values we use as a reference in evaluating ourselves
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| peer group | a social group whose memebers have interests, social position, and age in common
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| anticipatory socialization | learning that helps a person achieve a desired position
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| mass media | the means for delivering impersonal communications to a vast audience.
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| social group | two or more people who identify with and interact with one another
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| primary group | a small social group whose members share personal and lasting relationships
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| secondary group | a large and impersonal social group whose memebers pursue a specific goal or activity
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| insrumental leadership | group leadership that focuses on the completion of tasks
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| expressive leadership | group leadership that focuses on the groups well-being
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| groupthink | the tendency of group members to to conform, resulting in a narrow view of some issue
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| reference group | a social group that serves as a point of refernece in making evaluations and decisions
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| in-group | a social group toward which a member feels respect and loyalty
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| out-group | a social group toward which a member feels a sense of competition or opposition
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| dyad | a social group with two members
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| triad | a social group with three members
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| network | a web of weak social ties
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| formal organization | a large secondary group organized to achieve its goals efficiently
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| tradition | values and beliefs passed from generation to generation
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| rationality | a way of thinking that emphasizes deliberate, matter-of-fact calculation of the most efficient way to accomplish a particular task
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| rationalization of society | Weber's term for the historical change from tradition to rationality as the main type of human thought
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| bureaucracy | an organizational model rationally designed to perform tasks efficiently
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| organizational environment | factors outside an organization that affect its operation
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| bureaucratic ritualism | a focus on rules and regulations to the point of undermining an organization's goals
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| bureaucratic inertia | the tendency of bureaucratic organizations to perpetuate themselves
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| oligarchy | the rule of the many by the few
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| scientific management | Frederick Taylor's term for the application of scientific principles to the operation of a business or other large organization
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Created by:
Shanti2
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