Final Study Guide
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Name the primary germ layers? | Ectoderm, Mesoderm, Endoderm
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| What does ectoderm form? | skin, lining of oral & nasal cavity, enamel, salivary glands, nerves
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| What does mesoderm form? | skeleton, muscles, blood(connective tissues),some internal organs
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| What does endoderm form? | lining of lungs, G.I, genitourinary system, pharynx, liver
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| Name the types of tissues? | Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nerve
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| Where in the body can you find all 4 types of tissues? | tongue
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| Which tissues are mostly composed of cells? | muscle, nerve
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| Which is the most abundant basic tissue by weight? | connective
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| What are the 2 basic components of blood? | plasma, cellular formed parts
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| Which white blood cell is the first line of defense? | neutrophils
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| Which white blood cell is present during long standing infections? | plasma cells
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| Which tissue does not contain any blood vessels? | epithelial
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| What are the different variations of connective tissues? | solid-soft: adipose & areolar
solid-firm: cartilage
solid-rigid: bone (calcified)
fluid: blood/lymph
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| What does the supraperiosteal arterioles supply blood to? | facial and lingual surfaces of alveolar bone
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| What are the functions of the B and T lymphocytes? | T-cell mediated, promotes phagocytosis
B-produces plasma cells, humoral defense
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| Where would you find stratified squamous epithelium? | skin, lining of mouth, pharynx, vagina, part of bladder
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| What are the 3 forms of SSE? | keratinized, nonkeratinized, or parakeratinized
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| What layers are always present in any type of SSE? | basal, prickle
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| How many layers are present in (ortho)keratinized epithelium? | all 4 layers present
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| What is the most common OMM in the oral cavity? | nonkeratinized epithelium (lining mucosa)
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| Name the nonepithelial resident cells present in epithelium? | melanocytes, langerhans, merkle, wbc's
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| What OMM is greatest in the palate but can be found in parts of the masticatory and specialized? | (ortho)keratinized
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| What OMM can be found in most areas of masticatory and some of specialized? | parakeratinized
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| What is a thin noncellular membrane between connective tissue and the basal cell layer of epithelium that supports and cushions epithelium and acts as a filter barrier for epithelium and connective tissue? | basement membrane
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| What are the 2 main layers of basement membrane? | basal lamina, reticular lamina
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| Epithelium is attached to connective tissue via ___________ through the basement membrane. | hemidesmosomes
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| Which layer of the basement membrane is an amorphous layer; collagen fibers; derived from epithelial tissue? | basal lamina
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| What is reticular lamina derived from? | connective tissue
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| What are the 2 layers of connective tissue? | papillary, reticular
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| Which layer of connective tissue is the bulk of lamina propia? | reticular
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| Tall narrow epithelial extensions called ______, project into CT and cause stippling. | rete pegs
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| What are 2 ways of attachment for the CT of the oral mucosa? | attached directly and rests on a submucosa
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| Where can submucosa be found? | mostly in palate (except in areas of rugae and raphe) cheeks and lips. *never in gingiva*
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| Color of gingiva depends upon? | pigmentation, keratinization, thickness of epithelium, vascularity
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| Why is attached gingiva and buccal mucosa mainly pink - not red? | because of the thickness of the epithelium
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| What OMM(s) is considered masticatory mucosa? | hard palate
gingiva-free/attached
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| What OMM(s) is considered specialized mucosa? | dorsal surface of tongue
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| What OMM(s) is considered linning mucosa? | lips, buccal, ventral of tongue, floor of mouth, soft palate, sulcus, alveolar mucosa
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| Which layer of epithelium is 2-3 cells thick? | granular
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| Most of mitosis takes place in which layer of epithelium? | basal
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| In what kind of epithelium is the granular layer indistinct from the top layer? | parakeratinized
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| In what kind of epithelium is the basal and prickle lyers the only distinct layers? | nonkeratinized
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| Name the major salivary glands fome largest to smallest | parotid, submandibular, sublingual
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| Which minor salivary gland is associated with circumvallate papillae and secretes only serous? | von Ebner's
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| What are the CT components of salivary glands? | CT-capsule, septum
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| What is the function of the myoepithelial cell? | surrounds end of acini and squeezes saliva out into ducts
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| What are the functions of saliva? | mastication, solvent, digestive, lubricant, buffer
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| T/F Does saliva inhibit growth of bacteria? | true - by proteins in saliva
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| A cleft lip will be obvious by the end of the _______ month in utero. | second
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| The palate forms between the ______ and ______ weeks in utero. | sixth, twelfth
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| The ______ should be completely fused by the end of the ______ week. | palate, twelfth
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| A cleft palate becomes visible by the end of the _____ month in utero. | third
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| What fails to fuse if cleft lip? | maxillary process and globular (median nasal) process
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| What fails to fuse if cleft palate? | palatal shelves with primary palate or with each other
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| Which stage of development takes place between 2-8 wks and is where most malformation occurs? | embryonic
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| Which stage of development is a time of growth and maturation? | fetal
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| What are neural crest cells derived from? | ectoderm, neurectoderm
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| Neural crest cells only differentiate in the ______ region at cephalic end of neural tube. | facial
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| What is the most critical time for facial development? | 3-6wks
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| After creation of the stomodeum __________ arch and related tissues are the first portions to form. | mandibular
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| Mesoderm of first (man) arch arch forms muscles of ________ | mastication
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| Mesoderm of second (hyoid) arch forms muscles of _________ | facial expression
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| All facial and oral structures form from the frontal process and the first brachial (pharyngeal) arch (mandibular) except for the _________ | base of the tongue
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| In what weeks does the tongue develop? | 4-8
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| In what weeks does the maxillary lip develop? | 4-6
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| In what week does tooth development begin? | 6
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| What is the first sign of tooth development? | primary dental lamina
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| What does the enamel organ form? | enamel (ectoderm)
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| What does the dental papilla form? | pulp, dentin (mesenchyme)
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| What does the dental sac form? | cementum, pdl, lamina dura (mesenchyme)
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| What are the 2 embryonic tissues in a tooth germ? | ectoderm, mesenchyme
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| What embryonic tissue from the dental lamina is from oral epithelium and forms enamel? | ectoderm
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| What embryonic tissue from neural crest cells, underlies ectoderm and is a specialized connective tissue? | mesenchyme
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| What are the 2 phases in tooth development? | morphodifferentiation, cytodifferentiation
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| In what phase of tooth development is the shape of the tooth established? | morphodifferentiation
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| What occurs during the cytodifferentiation or histodifferentiation phase of tooth development? | process of differentiation of specialized groups of cells into enamel, dentin, cementum or pulp forming cells
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| What are the 3 stages of enamel organ development? | bud, cap, bell
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| What are the 4 layers of the enamel organ? | OEE, SR, SI, IEE
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| The cervical loop is where the ____ and ____ meet at the most apical edge. | OEE, IEE
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| Cervical loop is the future area of the _____ | CEJ
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| During the bell stage fibroblasts differentiate into what? | odontoblasts
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| What forms first dentin or enamel? | dentin
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| What does the Hertwigs root sheath do? | guides formation of the root
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| What forms the Hertwigs root sheath? | OEE and IEE
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| What determines how many roots a tooth will have? | epithelial diaphragm
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| What does REE become? | epithelial lining of th sulcus and the (primary) junctional epithelium
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