Stack #51769
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| antebellum period | before civil war, reform movements, jacksonian era and following decades
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| Second Great Awakening | religious revivals, against rationalism, counterattack against liberal views
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| Timothy Dwight | reverend, pres. of Yale, motivated generation of young men to become evangelical preachers
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| revivalism/ revival camp meetings | NY, emotions and fear in sermons/ dramatic preaching sessions, converted many
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| millenialism | widespread belief that the world was ending in 1844, 2nd coming of christ
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| Church of Latter-day saints, Mormons | religious group practiced polygamy, in the far western frontier
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| Joseph Smith | founder of the mormons, based his ideals off of the Book of Mormon
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| Brigham Young | after original leader was killed by a mob, he led Mormons
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| New Zion | the mormon religious community
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| romantic movement | in art and literature, stressed intuition and feelings
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| transcendentalists | questioned the doctrines of established churches and capitalistic habitss of the merchant class
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| ralph waldo emerson | one of the most popularamerican lecturers, expressed individualism
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| american scholar | by emerson, urged americans for their own culture, not that of the british
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| Henry David thoreau | conducted 2 yr experiment
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| Walden, On Civil Obedience | best known public book of thoreau/ essay about nonviolent protest, not oberying unjust laws, refusing to pay taxes for immoral wars
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| Brook Farm | community of people uner the transcendentalist ordeal
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| George Ripley | 1841, protestant minister to achieve a more natural union between intellectual and manual labor
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| feminists | advocates of womens rights
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| Margaret Fuller | feminist, a writer
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| Theodore Parker | theologian and radical reformer
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| utopian communities | ideal communities
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| Shakers | kept women and men strictly apart, forbidden marriage or sexual relations
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| robert owen, new harmony | founder/ utopian socialist community
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| joseph henry noyes | started a cooperative community
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| oneida community | NY, highly controversial, economic equality, shared property
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| charles fourier, phalanxes | french socialist
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| horace greeley | newspaper editor, less competitive society, share work and iving arrangements
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| George Caleb bingham | painter of the common ppl in various settings
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| william s. mount | popular painter for lively rural compositions
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| thomas cole and frederick church | empahsized heroic beauty thru American landscapes
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| Hudson river school | expressed the romantic age's fascination witht eh natural world
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| washington irving & james fenimore cooper | wirters using fiction with american settings
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| thomas gallaudet | founded a shcool for the deaf
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| nathaniel hawthorne | questionsed the intolerance and conformity of American life
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| temperance | movement persuading drinkers to use moderation and abstinency
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| American temperance society | 1826, founded by protestant ministers concerned with the high rate of alcohol consumption
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| Washingtonians | another society, argued alcoholism was a disease that required practical, helpful treatment
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| Womens christian temperance union | gave storng support for temperance in the late 1870's
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| asylum movement | reforms for prisons, mental hospitals, and poorhouses
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| Dorothea dix | former schoolteach from mass. dedicate the rest of her life to improving the conditions in insane asylums
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| samuel gridley howe | founded a school for the blind
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| penitentiaries | new prisons in pennsylvania
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| auburn system | NY, enforced rigid rules of discipline with moral instruction programs
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| horace mann | leading advocate of the pulbic school movement
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| public school movement | establishing free public schools for children of all classes
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| Mcguffey readers | extolled the virtues of hardwork, punctuality and sobriety
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| womens rights movement | reform originated from secondary roles and prevention of their participation in issues
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| sarah and angelina grimke | objected to male opposition to their antislavery activities, wrote, "letter on..."
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| Letter on the condition of women and the equality of sexes | 1837, protested male opposition to womens antislavery activities
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| Lucretia mott & elizabeth cady stanton | reformers campaigning for womens rights after being barred form speaking at an antislavery convention
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| Seneca Falls convention | 1848, leading feminists met, issued Declaration of sentiments, document, modeled after the dec. of independence
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| Susan B Anthony | led campaign for equal voting and property rights for women, with stanton
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| AMerican colonization society | 1817, wanted to transport slaves to an african colony
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| american antislavery society | 1833, founded by garrison and others
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| abolitionism | anti slavery
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| william lloyd garrison, the liberator | advocate of abolition, published newspaper
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| liberty party | 1840, ran James birney, their one campaign was antislavery
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| frederick douglas, the north star | former slave, spoke against slavery, 1847, started the antislavery journal
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| Harriet tubman, sojourner truth, william still | black leaders that helped organize the effort to assist fugitive slaves to escape to free territory in the north
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| David Walker and Henry Highland Garnet | 2 northern blacks who adovcated radical solutions, encouraged revolts
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| Nat turner | VA slave, 1831, led a revolt, 55 whites killed
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| American peace society | 1828, wanted to abolish war, influenced some to oppose mexican war
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| sylvester graham | made graham crackers which were promoted to improve digestion
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| amelia bloomer | made pantalettes, worn instead of long skirts
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