Science-Chapter 20
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| What is the Earth surrounded by? | A layer of gases called the atmosphere
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| What is one of atmospheric gases? | Oxygen
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| We inhale ____ and exhale _____. | Oxygen……Carbon Dioxide
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| How did the French scientist use this knowledge? | He measured the amount of oxygen a person uses when resting and when exercising
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| What were the results of this experiment? | More oxygen is used by the body during exercise
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| What is breathing? | The movement of the chest that brings air into the lungs and removes wastes
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| What is respiration? | Taking Oxygen to the lungs and swapping it for carbon dioxide. Then body cells use glucose and oxygen to make energy
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| What does the air entering the lungs contain? | Oxygen
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| Oxygen passes from the ___ into the ____. | Lungs….Circulatory System
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| Why does oxygen pass from the lungs into the circulatory system? | There is less oxygen in the blood than in the cells of the lung
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| Blood carries ___ to ______. | Oxygen…..Individual Cells
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| At the same time, the _____ system supplies ____ from _____ food to the same ____. | Digestive…..Glucose….Digested….Cells
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| What is the oxygen delivered to the cells used to release? | Energy from glucose
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| What is this chemical reaction called? | Cellular Respiration
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| Without _____, this reaction would not take place. | Oxygen
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| What are waste products of cellular respiration? | Carbon Dioxide and Water Molecules
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| What happens to carbon dioxide and water molecules? | They are carried back to the lungs in the blood
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| What does exhaling eliminate? | Waste carbon dioxide and some water molecules
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| What is the respiratory system made up of and what do they do? | Structures and organs that help move oxygen into the body and waste gases out of the body
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| Air enters your body through_________. | Nostrils or through the mouth
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| What, in your nose, trap dust from the air? | Fine hairs
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| Air then passes through the _____. | Nasal cavity
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| What happens in the nasal cavity? | Air gets moistened and warmed by the body’s heat
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| Glands that produce ___ mucus line the nasal cavity. | Sticky
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| What does the mucus trap? | Dust, pollen, and other materials
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| What does this process help do? | Filter and clean the air you breathe
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| What are the tiny, hair like structures called? | Cilia
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| What do cilia do? | Sweep mucus and trapped materials to the back of the throat where it can be swallowed
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| What is the tube like passageway used by food, liquid, and air? | Pharynx
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| What kind of air enters the Pharynx? | Warmed, moistened air
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| What is the flap of tissue at the lower end of the Pharynx called? | Epiglottis
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| When you swallow, what does the epiglottis do? | Folds down to prevent food or liquid from entering your airway
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| The food then enters your _____ instead. | Esophagus
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| Sound made by your vocal cords gets louder with increased ____. | Air pressure
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| Pitch gets higher as ____ pull your vocal cords ____, causing the glottis to close. | Muscles….Tighter
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| Next the air moves from the pharynx into the ____. | Larynx
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| What is the larynx? | The airway to which vocal cords are attached
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| What causes vocal cords to make sounds? | Forcing air between the cords makes them vibrate which causes sounds
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| What is the Respiration Formula? | C6 H12 O6 (glucose) + 6 O2 = Energy + 6 CO2 + 6H2O
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| When you speak, muscles ____ or ___ your vocal cords resulting in ___ sounds. | Tighten….Loosen….Different
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| Your ____ coordinates the movement of the muscle in your throat, tongue, cheeks, and lips. | Brain
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| From the larynx, air moves into the ____. | Trachea
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| About how long is the trachea? | 12 cm in length
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| What prevents the trachea from collapsing? | Strong, C-shaped rings of cartilage
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| What lines the trachea? | Mucous membranes and cilia
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| Why must the trachea stay open all the time? | So that your airway is not blocked and you can breathe
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| Air is carried into your lungs by 2 short tubes called _____. | Bronchi
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| Where are bronchi located? | At the end of the trachea
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| The smallest tubes are called______. | Bronchioles
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| At the end of each bronchiole are _____. | Alveoli
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| Air passes into the _____, then into the _______, and finally into the _____. | Bronchi…..Bronchioles…..Alveoli
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| What surrounds alveoli? | Capillaries
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| Where does the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide take place? | Between the capillaries and the alveoli
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| Why does this exchange easily happen? | The walls of both the alveoli and the capillaries are only one cell thick
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| What happens during the exchange? | Oxygen moves through the cell membranes of the alveoli and then through the cell membranes of the capillaries into the blood
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| There the oxygen is picked up by _____. | Hemoglobin
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| The wastes, which include ____ and other cellular wastes, leave the ____ cells. | Carbon Dioxide…..body
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| The waste gases leave the body during _____. | Exhalation
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| Your brain can change your breathing rate depending on the amount of ____ present in your blood. | Carbon Dioxide
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| If there is a lot of carbon dioxide in your blood than your breathing rate will ____. | Increase
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| If there is little carbon dioxide in your blood then your breathing rate will ____. | Decrease
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| Breathing is partly the result of changes in ____. | Air Pressure
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| Under normal condition, a gas moves from an area of ___ pressure to an area of ___ pressure. | High….Low
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| What is the muscle beneath your lungs that contracts and relaxes to help move gases in and out of your lungs? | Diaphragm
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| What happens when you choke? | Food or other objects get lodged in the trachea and the airflow between the lungs and the mouth is blocked
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| What can you do to help a choking victim? | Use abdominal thrusts
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| What can cause infections that affect any organs of the respiratory system? | Bacteria, Viruses, and other microorganisms
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| The common cold usually affects the ____ part of the respiratory system. | Upper
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| The cold virus can cause irritation and swelling in the ___,____, and ___. | Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi
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| The ___ that line the trachea and bronchi can also be damaged. | Cilia
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| _____ is an infection in the alveoli that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or other microorganisms. |
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| _____ is an infection in the alveoli that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or other microorganisms. | Pneumonia
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| What is Chronic Bronchitis? | A case of bronchitis in which the bronchial tubes are irritated and swell and too much mucus is produces, but does not go away and lasts a long time
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| What is emphysema? | A disease in which the alveoli in the lungs enlarge
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| What is the third leading cause of death in the United States? | Lung Cancer
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| What are substances that can cause an uncontrolled growth in cells? | Carcinogens
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| What is Asthma? | Lung disorder in which there is a shortness of breath, wheezing, or coughing
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| Waste gases are eliminated through the combined efforts of the ____ and ____ systems. | Circulatory….Respiratory
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| Some ___ are eliminated when you sweat. | Salts
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| What could happen if wastes are eliminated? | Toxic substances build up and damage organs
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| What rids the blood of wastes produced by the cells? | Urinary System
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| The urinary system also controls blood volume by removing ______ produced by body cells during _______. | Excess water……Respiration
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| To stay in good health, the fluid levels within the body must be ___ and ____ blood pressure must be maintained. | Balances……Normal
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| An area in the brain, the ____, constantly monitors the amount of water in the blood. | Hypothalamus
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| When the brain detects too much water in the blood, the hypothalamus releases a lesser amount of a specific ____. | Hormone
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| This signals the kidneys to return less water to the blood and increase the amount of ___ that is excreted. | Urine
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| A specific amount of water in the blood is also important for the movement of gases and excretion of ____ from the body. | Solid Wastes
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| The urinary system also balances the amounts of certain ___ and ___ that must be present for all cell activities to take place. | Salts….Water
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| What is another name for the organs in the urinary system? | Excretory Organs
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| What are the main organs of the urinary system? | Kidneys
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| Where are kidneys located? | Back wall of the abdomen at about waist level
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| What do kidneys do? | Filter blood that contains wastes collected from cells
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| In about __minutes, all the blood in your body passes through your kidneys. | 5
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| What is the red-brown color of the kidneys due to? | Their enormous blood supply
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| Blood enters the kidney through a large ____ and leaves through a large ____. | Artery….Vein
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| The kidney is a __ -stage filtration system. | 2
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| It is made up of about 1 million tiny filtering units called ____. | Nephrons
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| Each nephron has a cup like structure and tube like structure called a ___. | Duct
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| Blood moves from a ______ to capillaries in the cup like structure. | Renal arteries
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| The first filtration occurs when ___,___,___ and ___ from the blood pass into the cup like structure. | Water, sugar, salt, and wastes
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| Left behind in the blood are the _____ and _____. | Red Blood Cells and Proteins
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| What is liquid in the cup like structure squeezed into next? | Narrow Tubule
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| What performs the second filtration? | Capillaries that surround the tubule
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| What kind of blood is returned to the main circulatory system? | Purified
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| An average size person produces about __Liter(s) of urine per day. | 1
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| The main job of the urinary system is to remove ____ from the blood. | Wastes
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| What is the amount of urine you eliminate each day determined by? | The level of hormones produced by your hypothalamus
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| What does the urinary system include? | Kidneys, bladder, and connecting tubes
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| The urine in each collecting tubule drains into a funnel-shaped area of each kidney that leads to the _____. | Ureter
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| Ureters are tubes that lead from each ____ to the ___. | Kidney….Bladder
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| What is the elastic, muscular bag that holds urine until it leaves the body? | Bladder
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| The elastic walls of the bladder can stretch to hold up to ___Liters of urine. | .5
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| When empty the bladder looks wrinkled and the cells lining the bladder are ___. | Thick
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| When full, the bladder looks like an inflated balloon and the cells lining the bladder are ___ and ____. | Stretched……Thin
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| Large amounts of liquid are lost each day by your body by_____. | Exhaling
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| The ___ also filters the blood by removing wastes. | Liver
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| _____from broken down red blood cells becomes part of bile, which is the digestive fluid from the liver. | Hemoglobin
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| What happens when someone’s kidneys don’t work properly or stop working? | Waste products not removed are poisens, Water accumulates and swells the ankles and feet, fluids build up around the heart...it has to work harder
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| Without excretion, an imbalance of ____ occurs. | Salts
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| Infections caused by ______ can affect the urinary system. | Microorganisms
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| Usually the infection begins in the ____. | Bladder
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| Because the ureter and urethra are narrow tubes, they can be blocked _____ in some disorders. | Easily
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| A blockage of one of these tubes can cause serious problems because_______. | Urine cannot flow out of the body properly
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| If the blockage is not corrected the ____ can be damaged. | Kidneys
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| Urine can be tested for a _____. | Urinary Tract Disease
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| What can be a sign of disease? | A change in the urine’s color could suggest a kidney or liver problem
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| High levels of ___ can be a sign of ____. | Glucose….Diabetes
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| Increases amounts of a protein called albumin indicate _____ or______. | Kidney disease or heart failure
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| When the kidneys are damaged, ____ can get into the urine. | Albumin
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| High levels of ___ can be a sign of ____. | Glucose….Diabetes
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| Increases amounts of a protein called albumin indicate _____ or______. | Kidney disease or heart failure
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| When the kidneys are damaged, ____ can get into the urine. | Albumin
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| Can a person with only one kidney still live? | Yes
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| What happens to the remaining kidney? | It increases in size and works harder
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| High levels of ___ can be a sign of ____. | Glucose….Diabetes
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| Increases amounts of a protein called albumin indicate _____ or______. | Kidney disease or heart failure
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| When the kidneys are damaged, ____ can get into the urine. | Albumin
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| Can a person with only one kidney still live? | Yes
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| What happens to the remaining kidney? | It increases in size and works harder
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| If both kidneys fail, the person will need to have his or her blood filtered by an artificial kidney machine called a ____. | Dialysis
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| If both kidneys fail, the person will need to have his or her blood filtered by an artificial kidney machine called a ____. | Dialysis
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| If both kidneys fail, the person will need to have his or her blood filtered by an artificial kidney machine called a ____. | Dialysis
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| If both kidneys fail, the person will need to have his or her blood filtered by an artificial kidney machine called a ____. | Dialysis
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| If both kidneys fail, the person will need to have his or her blood filtered by an artificial kidney machine called a ____. | Dialysis
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| If both kidneys fail, the person will need to have his or her blood filtered by an artificial kidney machine called a ____. | Dialysis
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| If both kidneys fail, the person will need to have his or her blood filtered by an artificial kidney machine called a ____. | Dialysis
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| What are 2 facts about chronic bronchitis? | 1. Bronchial tubes are irritated and swell and too much mucus is produced; bronchitis occurs 2. Chronic bronchitis occurs when regular bronchitis does not go away
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| What are 2 more facts about Chronic Bronchitis? | 1. Symptoms include coughing 2. Coughing helps clear airways
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| Functions of the respiratory system- supple ___ to the body. | Oxygen
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| ____ ____ - oxygen is used by the cells to release energy from glucose. | Cellular Respiration
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| The waste products of cellular respiration are _____ _____ and _____. | Carbon Dioxide....Water
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| What are the locations of each organ in order? | Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Alveoli, Capillaries
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| Why do you breathe? | Signals from your brain tell muscles in your chest and abdomen to contract or relax
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| If _____ level increases, your ____ rate increases. | Carbon Dioxide....Breathing
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| What happens when carbon dioxide level decreases? | Your breathing rate decreases
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| Why does the diaphragm contract and relax? | To move gases in and out of the lungs
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| Respiratory infections include ___,___, and ___. | Cold, flu, and pneumonia
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| Emphysema can lead to ___ problems. | Heart
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| _____ is uncontrolled cell growth in lung tissue. | Lung Cancer
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| _____ is the greatest contributing factor to lung cancer. | Smoking
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| Tar and other ingredients in smoke are _____. | Carcinogens
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| What are the functions of the excretory system? | Remove body wastes through the skin, and through the digestive, circulatory, respiratory, and urinary systems
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| What gets rid of cell wastes which accumulate in the blood and controls blood volume? | Urinary System
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| The part of the brain called the ____ regulates the amount of ____ in the blood. | Hormones…Less
Hypothalamus...Water
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| if too little water, hormones tell ____ to decrease the amount of __ and return more water to the blood. | Kidneys....Urine
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| What does the hypothalamus do? | Regulates the amount of water in the blood
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| What are the organs of the urinary system? | Kidneys.....bladder.....Liver
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| What passes urine from the bladder to the outside of the body? | Urethra
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| ___ often occur in the bladder then spread to the _____. | Infections.....Kidneys
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| Ureters or urethra can become ____, interrupting the flow of ____ and damaging ____. | Blocked...Urine....Kidneys
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| Urine ____ can detect urinary tract disorders and other health problems | tests
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| If both kidneys fail, the person might need a ____ machine to filter blood. | Dialysis
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| What monitors the amount of water in the blood? | Hypothalamus
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| What connects the kidneys to the bladder? | Ureter
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| what is the process of artificial blood filtration? | Dialysis
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| Oxygen passes from them into capillaries | Alveoli
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| Organs made up of alveoli | Lungs
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| Sheet of muscle across the bottom of the chest cavity | Diaphragm
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| Division of the trachea | Bronchi
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| what happens to oxygen after it enters the lungs? | Oxygen is inhaled through the mouth and enters the lungs. Then it is carried to blood cells and carbon dioxide is removed from cells and goes to the lungs to be exhaled
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| what is the use of oxygen by body cells and what is an important waste product of this? | Cellular Respiration...Carbon Dioxide
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| what happens to oxygen after it enters the lungs? | Oxygen is inhaled through the mouth and enters the lungs. Then it is carried to blood cells and carbon dioxide is removed from cells and goes to the lungs to be exhaled
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| what is the use of oxygen by body cells and what is an important waste product of this? | Cellular Respiration...Carbon Dioxide
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| What happens after blood returns to the lungs? | You exhale which eliminates wastes and some water molecules.
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| Where is urine stored? | Bladder
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| what warms and moistens air? | nasal cavity
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| what transports air to lungs? | Trachea
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| what prevents food from entering the trachea? | epiglottis
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| oxygen passes into the capillaries | alveoli
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| what is the organ made up of alveoli? | lung
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| A sheet of muscle across the bottom of the chest cavity? | Diaphragm
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| Division in the trachea? | Bronchi
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| what functions do the organs of the urinary system perform? | Rids the blood of wastes and controls blood volume by removing excess water
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| What are the 3 excretory organs? | Liver, kidney, and bladder
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| What happens when your kidneys don't work? | Blood does not get filtered and you could die
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| Why is the skin considered an excretory organ? | It rids the body of wastes when it sweats
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| Why do you see your breath on a cold day? | Your breath is warm and contains moisture vapor whereas the air is cold
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| What are the functions of the excretory system? | Remove body wastes through the skin, and through the digestive, circulatory, respiratory, and urinary systems
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| If too much water is in the blood, hormones from the hypothalamus tell ___ to increase amount of _____ and return less water to the blood. | Kidneys....Urine
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| How do infections spread from the bladder to the kidneys? | Through the urethra and ureter tubes
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| When your diaphragm contracts do you inhale or exhale? | Inhale
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| When the air pressure in the chest cavity increases do you inhale or exhale? | Exhale
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| When the gases inside the lungs are pushed out through air passages do you inhale or exhale? | Exhale
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| When the air pressure in the chest cavity decreases do you inhale or exhale? | Inhale
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| When the volume in the chest cavity increases do you inhale or exhale? | Inhale
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| Blood enters kidneys through a large ___ and leave through a large ____. | Artery....Vein
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| How does the urinary system control the volume of water in the blood? | The hypothalamus monitors it
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| What is the formula CALLED? | The Respiration Formula
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| Whats the difference between breathing and respiration? | Breathing is inhaling and exhaling and respiration is when oxygen is taken to the lungs to be swapped for carbon dioxide
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| Order: a)urine - ureters to bladders b)blood enters nephrons c)blood enter kidney through aorta d)urine drains to kidney e)Cap. reabsorb water/sugar/salt f)water...enter cup-struc. g)renal v. purifies bl. h)urine-bladder through urethra to outside of body | c..b..f..e..g..d..a..h
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
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