fm boards 2010
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| what blood sugar is needed to make diagnosis of diabetes, fasting vs random | >126 >200
🗑
|
||||
| complications of diabetes are in 3 categories | macrovascular-cad and stroke, microvascular-retinopathy and nephropathy and neuropathy
🗑
|
||||
| despite good control of diabetes you often still have this complication | Macrovascular
🗑
|
||||
| life threatening complications of elevated blood sugar | DKA and hyperosmolar coma(non ketotic hyperglycemia )
🗑
|
||||
| iv fluid treatment for DKA | initially normal saline then 1/2 ns. then when bs is less than 250 add in glucose
🗑
|
||||
| difference between DKA and hyperosmolar coma | no acidosis and ph 7.3 (normal 7.35-7.45)
🗑
|
||||
| mortality rate associated with hyperosmolar coma | 50%
🗑
|
||||
| how do you treat low blood sugar in a comatose patient | IM glucagon or iv 50% glucose
🗑
|
||||
| hypo vs hyperthyroidism | hashimotos vs Graves
🗑
|
||||
| treatment for hyperthyroid | PTU, methimazole, radioactive Iodine, and surgery
🗑
|
||||
| 3 types of hypothyroidism | primary, secondary and tertiary
🗑
|
||||
| primay hypothyroidism is caused by | defect in the gland
🗑
|
||||
| defect in the gland due to 3 causes | hashimotos, iodine deficiency and drugs
🗑
|
||||
| what drugs can cause hypothyroidism | amiodarone, lithium, interleuken-2 and alpha interferon(Alia)
🗑
|
||||
| primary hypothyroidism can also be caused by | thyroidectomy, post radioactive iodine therapy, and neck irradiation
🗑
|
||||
| secondary and tertiary hypothyroidism is caused by | pituitary failure hypothalmus failure
🗑
|
||||
| 2 main causes of hypercalcemia | hyperparathyroidism and cancer
🗑
|
||||
| treatment for hypercalcemia includes 7 options | iv fluids, calcitonin, corticosteroids, iv bisphosphonates, oral phosphate, and dialysis. sometimes surgery
🗑
|
||||
| hypocalcemia is caused by 7 causes | hypoparathyroidism, pseudohyperparathyroidism, chronic renal failure, vitamin d deficiency, magnesium deficiency, chemotherapy, medications
🗑
|
||||
| 4 medications that can cause hypocalcemia | diuretics, estrogen, laxatives, magnesium
🗑
|
||||
| when calcium is low what lab should you check and why | albumin. because half of your calcium is bound to albumin
🗑
|
||||
| what type of calcium is most important | free calcium or ionized because it is not bound to proteins
🗑
|
||||
| sx's of low calcium | neuromuscular irritability and tetany
🗑
|
||||
| 2 test for low calcium | Chvostek's sign and Trousseau's sign
🗑
|
||||
| describe the Chvostek's sign | tap over the facial nerve and the facial muscles will spasm
🗑
|
||||
| Trousseau's sign | blow up bp cuff past a patient systolic bp and wrist and fingers will spasm
🗑
|
||||
| ekg findings of low calcium | prolonged QT
🗑
|
||||
| treatment for low calcium mild vs severe | oral vs iv calcium
🗑
|
||||
| types of adrenal insufficiency | primary and secondary
🗑
|
||||
| primary adrenal insufficiency is a.k.a. | Addison's disease
🗑
|
||||
| define Addison's | when the adrenal cortex fails to make enough cortisone
🗑
|
||||
| causes of primary adrenal insufficiency are 5 | autoimmune, hemorrhage, infection, tumor, medication
🗑
|
||||
| the discontinuation of what medication can cause adrenal insufficiency | corticosteroids
🗑
|
||||
| secondary adrenal insufficiency is caused by | lack of ACTH produced by the pituitary
🗑
|
||||
| symptoms of adrenal insufficiency | weakness, weight loss, abd pain, nasuea, vomiting, hyperpigmentatio
🗑
|
||||
| Addisonian crisis symptoms | severe vomiting, diarrhea, low bp, elevate K, coma and death
🗑
|
||||
| diagnosis of addison's with what test | cortisol level and ACTH stimulation test. if ACTH is elevated primary disease is present
🗑
|
||||
| treatment of addison's disease is with | cortisol
🗑
|
||||
| what is Paget's disease | increased rate of bone remolding in older people
🗑
|
||||
| cause of Paget's | unknown
🗑
|
||||
| lab test in Paget's | elevated alk phosp
🗑
|
||||
| treatment of Paget's symptomatic vs asymptomatic | symp-oral bisphosphonates non symp-no treatment
🗑
|
||||
| Cushing disease is caused by | too much cortisol
🗑
|
||||
| too much cortisol can be caused by | excessive steroid therapy, too much ACTH
🗑
|
||||
| too much ACTH can be caused by | pituitary abnormality or tumor
🗑
|
||||
| what types of tumors | adrenal and small cell carcinoma of the lung
🗑
|
||||
| diagnosis of cushings syndrome should be made by 2 test | am cortisol and dexamethasone suppression test
🗑
|
||||
| physical findings of cushing's | moon face, buffalo hump, weakness, fatigue, poor healing of skin, irregular menses
🗑
|
||||
| Syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone (SIADH) is defined as | too much ADH-leading to concentrate urine
🗑
|
||||
| concentrated urine leads to what in the blood 3 | hyponatremia, volume overload within the body-which causes low plasma osmolality
🗑
|
||||
| symptoms of SIADH | nausea, fatigue and headache, can lead to coma
🗑
|
||||
| causes of SIADH | tumors like small cell of the lung), CNS trauma or infection and medications
🗑
|
||||
| treatment for SIADH | fluid restriction and slow correction of sodium, plus loop diuretics, lithium, and demeclocycline
🗑
|
||||
| define Diabetes Insipidus | not enough ADH
🗑
|
||||
| what happens to urine and osmolality when ADH goes down | urine gets diluted, plasma osmolality goes up
🗑
|
||||
| sx's of DI-3 | polyuria, polydipsia and dehydration
🗑
|
||||
| types of DI | central, nephrogenic, dipsogenic(too much water), gestational
🗑
|
||||
| central is caused by | pituitary of hypothalmic
🗑
|
||||
| nephrogenic is caused by | kidney not responding to the ADH
🗑
|
||||
| dipsogenic is caused by | ingestion of too much water
🗑
|
||||
| gestational | complication of pregnancy
🗑
|
||||
| diagnosis of DI is confirmed by | water deprivation test or vasopressin test
🗑
|
||||
| treatment of DI-2 | find underlying cause and vasopressin(DDAVP)
🗑
|
||||
| causes of hypopituitarism | idiopathic, trauma, tumors , CNS infection and iatrogenic(post radiation)
🗑
|
||||
| infarction of the pituitary is called | Sheehan's syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| 6 anterior pituitary hormones | anterior-TSH, PROLACTIN(milk production after baby), FSH, LH, ACTH, GROWTH HORMONE
🗑
|
||||
| 2 posterio pituitary hormones | ADH and oxytocin(for uterine contraction and milk let down)
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
ambstudystack
Popular Medical sets