Vocabulary
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| Allele |
alternative forms of genes |
| dominant trait |
the trait that is observed |
| Heredity |
passing on characteristics from parent to off-spring |
| Genetics |
the study of heredity |
| Traits |
characteristics inherited |
| Gametes |
sex cells |
| Pollination |
transfer of pollen to the pistil |
| Fertilization |
male gamete in the pollen grain meets and fuses with the female gamete in the ovule |
| Hybrid |
off-spring of the parent that has different form of the same trait (short / tall) |
| Recessive |
trait that is not visible |
| Phenotype |
visible characteristics |
| Genotype |
genetic characteristics |
| Heterozygous |
if the two alleles for a trait differ from one another |
| Diloid |
a cell with two of each kind of chromosome (2n) |
| Haploid |
a cell with one of each kind of chromosome (n) |
| Homologous chromosomes |
paired chromosomes in a diploid cell |
| Meiosis |
cell division that produces a gamete containing half the number of chromosomes of its parent |
| Sexual Reproduction |
reproduction that involves the production and fusion of haploid cells |
| Crossing over |
exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids from homologous chromosomes during Prophase I of meiosis |
| Genetic recombination |
major sourse of genetic variation caused by reassortment or crossing over during meiosis |
| Nondisjunction |
failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis |
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