Civics: Foundations of a Democratic Government
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| the authority, or power, that rules on behalf of a group of people | Government
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| a form of government in which all power is in the hands of one person or a group of persons | Dictator (Dictatorship)
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| a form of government in which a king, queen, prince (a monarch) rules and sometimes is in charge of the government | Monarchy
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| a key document of American freedom, adopted on July 4, 1776, declaring the 13 American colonies to be free and independent of Great Britain | Declaration of Independence
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| representatives who were chosen to attend the Constitutional Convention | Delegates
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| members of the House of Representatives or a person who represents a group of people in the government. | Representative
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| the plan of government approved in 1789 to be the “supreme law of the land”. | Constitution of the United States of America
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| the national government of our nation. | Federal Government
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| the branch of our federal, state or local government that makes the laws | Legislative Branch
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| the branch of our federal, state or local government that carries out the laws. | Executive Branch
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| the branch of the federal, state or local government that decides if laws have been broken and that punishes lawbreakers | Judicial Branch
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| a proposed law being considered by a lawmaking body | Bill
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| the way in which the powers of government are balanced, or divided, among three branches, so that each branch may check, or limit, the other branches. | Checks and Balances
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| The heads of the executive departments in the federal government, who also act as advisors to the President. | Cabinet
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| the first 10 amendments to the Constitution, which set forth the basic rights, or freedoms, guaranteed to all Americans | Bill of Rights
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| the traditional ways of doing things in our federal government that are seldom written down or made into laws | Unwritten Constitution
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| Based on a theology or religious faith. It is a form of government in which God or a deity is recognized as the supreme civil ruler and the God’s or deity’s laws are being interpreted by govt officials | Theocracy
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| Complete disorder that can result from having no government or laws | Anarchy
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| the doctrine that monarchs derive their right to rule directly from God and are accountable only to God | Divine Right
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| Under a socialist system the government has ownership over the countries basic goods and services (communication, transportation, health care, power, etc.); however, some services, are owned by private businesses | Socialism
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| a set of pamphlets authored by Thomas Paine that encouraged separation from the Crown. Pamphlets called the King a brute and stated that America had a separate destiny from England | Common Sense
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| the theory and system of politics of developing colonies to maintain a balance of trade | Mercantilism
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| a letter written to King George III from the members of the 2nd Continental Congress that appealed to the king to address colonial grievances to avoid war | Olive Branch Petition
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| political system in which ownership of all product and land are in the hands of the people, and all goods are equally shared | Communism
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| Occurred in the 18th century. Philosophers wrote new ideas on politics such as the role of the “divine right” of kings and the separation of church and state | Age of Enlightenment
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| Predecessor to the U.S. Bill of Rights. Outlined new rights for the English people such as “no taxation without representation." | English Bill of Rights
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| Government: Government by the people | Democracy
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| Government where the people elect leaders to carry out the rules and ideals that they want. | Representative Democracy
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| a system of government in which ALL citizens participate in politics and decision making | Direct Democracy
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| Influential English philosopher who inspired Thomas Jefferson when writing the Declaration of Independence | John Locke
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| authored the Declaration of Independence | Thomas Jefferson
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| Father of the Constitution | James Madison
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| violation of allegiance to one’s country | Treason
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| A person who betrays his country | Traitors
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| which means that the king shares power with a group of advisors or a democratic body | Constitutional Monarchy
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| Colonists loyal to the United States | Patriots
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| Colonists loyal to the British | Tory
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| author of Common Sense | Thomas Paine
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| King of England during the American Revolution | King George III
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| Acts of law passed by England to punish the colonies for the Boston Tea Party. | Intolerable Acts
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| group of nations or states united for a common cause | Confederation
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| War fought to gain American independence from England. | American Revolution
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| A body of 55 representatives appointed by colonial legislatures who met to plan a response to England’s Intolerable Acts. | 1st Continental Congress
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| An act of protest of the stamp act by the American colonists against England | Boston Tea Party
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| a body of representatives who met and approved the Declaration of Independence | 2nd Continental Congress
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| Armed civilians fighting during the Revolutionary War. | Minutemen
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| a company or group having exclusive control over commercial activity. | Monopoly
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| A driving force calling for independence from England | John Adams
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| A compromise reached by the Northern states and Southern states over how to count the slave population. Slaves were counted 3/5 of all other persons | Three-Fifths Compromise
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| People who supported the Constitution | Federalist
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| People who were against the Constitution | Anti-Federalist
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| Large states plan for a bicameral congress with representation to be based on population. | Virginia Plan
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| Small states plan for a unicameral congress with equal representation | New Jersey Plan
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