Stack #48968
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| Mt. Vernon Conference | 1785- conference called by g. Washington to review country's critical problems
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| Annapolis Convention | 1786- 5 states attended meeting that further discussed serious problems under the articles
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| Constitutional Convention | 1787, all but Rhode Island- in Philadelphia to revise articles
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| Framers of Constitution | 55 male delegates, college edu., young, wealthy, lawyers, knew issues, helped wirte state constitutions
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| James Madison | father of the constitution
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| Alexander Hamilton, Gouverneur Morris, John Dickinson | with James Madison, directed the writing of the constitution
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| checks and balances | one branch of government having sufficient power to check the others
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| Virginia Plan | Madison's proposal, favoring large states, suggested rep. by population
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| New Jersey Plan | favored small states, for all states to have equal representation
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| Connecticut Plan, Great Compromise | bicameral legislature, one house w/. population, one equal
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| House of Representatives | larger body, representation by population
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| Senate | smaller body, equal representation
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| 3/5 Compromise | counted each slave for 3/5 a person for taxation and representation
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| slave trade | put on backburner, slaves could be imported for 20 years longer, at which time congress would decide
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| Commercial Compromise | Congress could regulate interstate& foreign commerce, place tariffs on imports, but not exports
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| electoral college system | states assigned electors to vote on president to prevent too much democracy/mob rule
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| Federalists | supported Constitution , strong central gov't
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| Anti-federalists | against constitution, weak central gov't
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| The Federalist Papers | 85 persuasive essays, supported constitution, written by Hamilton, Madison, Jay, NY newpaper
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| Bill of Rights | controversial, listed people's rights in the constitution
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| legislative branch | made decisions about laws, checks and balances were applied, had congress
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| congress | elected, began in March 1789, NYC, made day to day decisions
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| executive departments, cabinet | secretary of state(jefferson), secretary of the trasury(hamilton), secretary of defense, attorney general, met with the pres to discuss major issues, give advice, and provide information
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| Henry Knox, Edmund Randolph | secretary of war, attorney general
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| Judiciary Act | 1789, one of congress's first laws, established a supreme court w/ 1 chief justice, 5 associates, rule on constitutionality of state courts, provided 13 district courts/ 3 circuit court of appeals
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| federal courts | only one mentioned in the constitution= supreme court, congress was given the power to create more ____ with less power
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| Supreme Court | only federal court mentioned in the constitution
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| national debt | jefferson created a plan that had the governtment pay it off
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| infant industries | new and developing industries
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| national bank | jefferson thought America needed one even though the constitution didnt call for one, voted into law
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| tariffs, excise taxes | rates set by congress were loser than what Hamilton wanted, werent enough to pay for debts, so Congress passed _____, particularly on Whiskey
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| French Revolution | caused a lot of controversy between Federalists & Anti fed's, between french republic and monarchs of Europe
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| Proclamation of Neutrality | 1793, Wahington didnt think nation was strong enough for war, issue neutrality in conflict of war
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| Citizen Edmond Genet | french minister to U.S., broke rules of diplomacy, appealed to support French
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| Jay Treaty | 1794, chief Justice was sent to Paris to negotiate a treaty, angered americasn bc it didnt address British seizures of ships
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| Pinckney Treaty | 1795, Spain agreed to let u.s. use New Orleans port, established FA's northern border
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| right of deposit | granted ot americans so they could transfer cargoes in New Orleans without duties
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| Battle of Fallen Timbers | General Anthony Wayne defeated, Shawnee, Wyandot, etc, 1794, northwestern Ohio
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| Whiskey Rebellion | 1794, PA, farmers angry about excise taxes revolted, put down by Washington, test of govt
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| Public Land Act | 1796, established orderly procedures for dividing and selling federal lands at reasonable prices of vast land tracts gained after Jay treaty & battle
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| federalist era | 1790's, dominated by 2 frederalist presidents, political parties began forming
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| Democratic-Republican Party | supporters were chiefly southern states & wetern frontier, fdavored protection of states' rights & containment of federal power
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| political parties | 1796, parties taking shape, Wahington warned against
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| Washington's Farewell Address | 1796, retiring, warned against involvement in European affairs, permanent alliances, political parties & sectionalism
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| permanent alliances | "permanent alliances" in foreign affairs, Washington warned against
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| two-term tradition | precedent set by Washington, to resign after 2 presidential terms
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| John Adams | 2nd president, former Vice president, federalist candidate
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| XYZ Affair | ships being siexed by french during their revolution, american delegates sent to negotiate, french minster, unknown names referred to as XY&Z
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| Alien and Sedition Acts | president could deport dangerous aliens, and portected agianst sedition against pres & congress
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| Kentucky & VA resolutions | 2 states adopted legislatures that declared states entered into a compact, and a state could nullify a federal law if the federal govt broke the compact
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| Resolution of 1800 | change from federalist control to democratic- republican control, election of 1800, smooth, peaceful transition
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