Pchem Test 2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Phase | A state of matter that is uniform throughout, not only in chemical composition but also in physical state
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| Constituent | A chemical species (ion or molecule)
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| Component | A chemically independent constituent of a system
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| Variance F; degree of freedom | The number of intensive variables that can be changed independently without disturbing the number of pases in equilibrium
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| Phase rule | F=C-P+2
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| Thermal analysis | A technique for detecting phase transitions that takes advantage of the effect of the enthalpy change during a first-order transition
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| Vapor pressure of an ideal solution | p=p*b + (p*a -p*b) X xa
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| Composition of the vapor | ya= xa X p*a / [p*b + (p*a - p*b) X xa]
yb=1-ya
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| Total vapor pressure of a mixture | p=p*a X p*b / [p*a + (p*b - p*a) X ya]
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| Isopleth | A line of constant composition in a phase diagram
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| Tie line | A line joining two points representing phases in equilibrium
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| Lever rule | Allows for the calculation of the relative amounts of two phases in equilibrium (n[alpha]l[alpha]=n[beta]l[beta]
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| Temperature-composition diagram | A phase diagram in which the boundaries show the composition of the phases that are in equilibrium at various temperatures
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| Azeotrope | A mixture that boils without change of composition
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| Partially miscible liquids | Liquids that do not mix in all proportions at all temperatures
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| Upper critical solution temperature | The highest temperature at which phase separation occurs in a binary liquid mixture
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| Lower critical solution temperature | The temperature below which the components of a binary mixture mix in all proportions and above which they form two phases
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| Eutectic | The mixture with the lowest melting point; a liquid with the eutectic composition freezes at a single temperature
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| Eutectic Halt | A delay in the cooling while the eutectic freezes
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| Incongruent melting | Occurs when a compound melts into its components and does not itself form a liquid phase
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