MT Quick and Easy Ch 5
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| Cell | Fundamental Unit of Life
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| dysplasia | abnormal development of tissues and is recognized by cells that differ in size, shape, and appearance
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| Aplasia | Lack of development of an organ or tissue
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| Hypoplasia | below normal development of an organ or tissue
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| Hyperplasia | an abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in tissue
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| hypertrophy | increase in the size of an organ caused by an increase in the size of the cells rather than the number of cells
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| homeostasis | constant internal environment that is naturally maintained by the body
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| frontal plane | divides the body into front and back portions
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| transverse plane | divides the body into upper and lower portions
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| sagittal plane | divides the body into right and left sides
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| midsagittal plane | divides the body into two equal halves
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| anterior | nearer to or toward the front
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| posterior | nearer to or toward the back, dorsal, situated behind
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| ventral | belly side (same as anterior in humans)
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| dorsal | directed toward or situated on the back side (same as posterior side in humans)
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| medial | middle or nearer the middle
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| lateral | toward the side
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| superior | uppermost or above
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| inferior | lowermost or below
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| proximal | position of structures that are nearer their origin or point of attachment
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| distal | far or distant from the origin or point of attachment
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| ambulatory | able to walk
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| prone | lying facedown
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| supine | lying on the back
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| pronation | rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces downward
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| supination | rotation of a joint that allows the palm faces upward
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| viscera | large organs contained in the ventral cavity
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| peritoneum | lining of the abdominopelvic cavity
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| thorax | chest
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| abdomen | the portion of the body trunk that is located between the chest and the pelvis
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| abdominocentesis | surgical puncture of the abdomen to remove excess fluids from the abdominal cavity or to inject a therapeutic agent
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| peritonitis | inflammation of the peritoneum
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| thoracentesis | surgical puncture of the chest wall for aspiration of fluids
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| omphalorrhexis | surgical rupture of the navel
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| omphalocele | congenital herniation of the navel
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| cephalgia | headache
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| acral | pertaining to the extremities of the body
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| acrocyanosis | cyanosis of the extremities (arms and legs appear bluish)
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| acromegaly | disorder in which there is abnormal enlargement of the body extremities, including the nose, jaws, fingers, and toes, caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone after maturity
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| dactylospasm | cramping of a finger or toe
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| dactylitis | inflammation of the bones of the fingers or toes
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| chirospasm | cramping of the hand
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| onychomycosis | disease of the nails caused by a fungus
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