VA US History to1865
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| Names the five Great Lakes. | Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario
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| Places where the water is deep and large ships can dock close to land | Harbors or ports?
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| What type of water do lakes and rivers contain? | These usually contain fresh water.
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| Where is the Gulf of Mexico located? | Touching Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas
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| What ocean borders Virginia? | Atlantic Ocean
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| What are two of the three ships that carried settlers to Jamestown? | The Godspeed and the Susan Constant
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| What ocean is crossed by large ships carrying products to the United States from Asia ? | Pacific Ocean
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| What are two food resources that come from oceans, lakes, and rivers? | Fish and Shellfish
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| What is one natural resource that is essential for life? | Fresh Water
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| The ______ River gave early French explorers a route into Canada and led to the Great Lakes | St. Lawrence River
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| The Spanish explored the ______ River. | Colorado River
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| Both the______ and the _______ used the Gulf of Mexico. | French and Spanish
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| As the original 13 colonies on the east coast became more populous, people began to look for a way to go west. The ________ helped them move west. | Ohio River
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| In the Midwest, inland port cities grew along the | Great Lakes.
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| The river that forms part of the border between the United States and Mexico is the | Rio Grande.
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| transport farm and industrial (factory) products are the _______ and the _________. | Mississippi and Missouri.
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| Lewis and Clark found the ________ River on their quest to find a route to the Pacific Ocean. | Columbia River
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| What group of American Indians inhabited the region that is now Alaska and northern Canada? | Inuit
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| What tribe of American Indians inhabited the region that is now northeast North America? | Iroquois
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| What tribe of American Indians inhabited the Pacific Northwest coast? | Kwakiutl
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| What area of present-day North America did the Pueblo people inhabit? | New Mexico and Arizona
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| What tribe of American Indians inhabited the Great Plains? | Lakota
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| What affected how the American Indians met their basic needs? | Geography and climate
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| American Indians used the resources of sod, stones, animal skins, and trees to make | shelters
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| Where is the location of one of the oldest archaeological sites in the United States? | Cactus Hill
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| What region of North America was inhabited by the Eastern Woodlands Indians? | Coastal Plain
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| The American Indians were similar in that all of them | used their environment to obtain food, clothing, and shelter
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| Who conquered and enslaved American Indians, brought Christianity, and brought European diseases | The Spanish
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| Who established trading posts, and spread Christian religion | The French
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| Who established settlements and claimed ownership of land, learned farming techniques from American Indians, and traded with American Indians | The English
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| Who taught farming techniques to European settlers, and believed that land was to be used and shared but not owned | The American Indians
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| Where were the empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai located? | Western region of Africa
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| What obstacles were faced by the early European explorers? | Poor maps and navigation tools
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| A hardship that early explorers of North America experienced was | fear of the unknown
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| Francisco Coronado claimed the Southwest of the present-day United States for what country? | Spain
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| Samuel de Champlain established and claimed Quebec for what country? | France
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| Who claimed the Mississippi River Valley? | Robert La Salle
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| What was not a European goal during the Age of Exploration? | The development of large cities.
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| Which people made voyages of discovery along West Africa? | Portuguese
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| Which is an example of cultural interaction between the American Indians and Europeans? | Establishment of trading posts.
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| One reason for conflict between the American Indians and the Europeans was | The struggle over the concept of land.
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| Who conquered and enslaved American Indians during early European exploration? | The Spanish
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| Which early settlers learned farming techniques from the American Indians? | The English
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| Roanoke Island was established in ______ as | 1585, an economic venture.
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| Jamestown Settlement was established in _____ . | 1607
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| Plymouth Colony was established in ______ by ___________. | 1620, Settled by separatists from the Church of England to avoid religious persecution
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| Massachusetts Bay Colony was established in _______ by ___________. | 1628, Puritans
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| Pennsylvannia was established in _______ by ________ to ________ | 1681, Settled by the Quakers, who wanted freedom to practice their faith without interference
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| Georgia was established in ______. | 1733
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| The reason for starting an English settlement at Jamestown was | economic
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| Roanoke Island (Lost Colony) and Jamestown Settlement were similar in that | both were established as economic ventures
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| What colony was settled by people who had been in debtors’ prisons in England? They hoped to experience economic freedom and a new life in the New World. | Georgia
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| Why did the Puritans travel to America? | To avoid religious persecution and practice their religion freely.
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| What American colonial region had rocky soil and a jagged coastline? | New England
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| Who worked primarily as caretakers, housekeepers, and homemakers in colonial America? | Women
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| Which region’s warm, mild climate and flat, fertile land made it ideal for growing crops? | Southern
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| Why was the practice of slavery accepted in the Southern colonies? | Enslaved African Americans provided inexpensive labor
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| The men and women who agreed to work without pay in return for their passage to the colonies were called | Indentured servants
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| Who enforced the English laws in the colonies? | The governor
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| What American colonial region had deep harbors along the Atlantic Coast? | New England
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| Identify Great Britain’s reasons for taxation of the colonies | to help finance the French and Indian War and to help finance the maintenance of British troops in the colonies
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| Identify the sources of colonial dissatisfaction | no representation in Parliament, resented the power of the colonial governors, Great Britain wanted strict control over colonial legislatures, colonies opposed the British taxes, The Proclamation of 1763, restricted the western movement of settlers.
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| People have “certain unalienable rights” to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. What is unalienable rights? | rights that cannot be taken away
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| Who was the British king during the Revolutionary era? | King George III:
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| Who was the British general who surrendered at Yorktown | Lord Cornwallis
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| Who championed the cause of independence | John Adams
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| Who was Commander of the Continental Army | George Washington
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| The major author of the Declaration of Independence | Thomas Jefferson
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| Outspoken member of House of Burgesses; He inspired colonial patriotism with his “Give me liberty or give me death” speech | Patrick Henry
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| Prominent member of Continental Congress; helped frame the Declaration of Independence; helped gain French support for American independence | Ben Franklin
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| Enslaved African American who wrote poems and plays supporting American independence and who eventually gained her freedom. | Phillis Wheatley
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| Patriot who made a daring ride to warn colonists of British arrival | Paul Revere
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| This was a key event during the American Revolutionary War - Colonists in Boston were shot after taunting British soldiers | Boston Massacre
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| This was a key event during the American Revolutionary War - Samuel Adams and Paul Revere led patriots in throwing tea into Boston Harbor to protest tea taxes. | Boston Tea Party
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| This was a key event during the American Revolutionary War - Battles of Lexington and Concord | The first armed conflicts of the Revolutionary War
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| The colonies declared independence from Great Britain (July 4, 1776). | Approval of the Declaration of Independence
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| This American victory was the turning point in the war. | Battle of Saratoga
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| This was the colonial victory over forces of Lord Cornwallis that marked the end of the Revolutionary War. | Surrender at Yorktown:
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| Great Britain recognized American independence in this treaty. | Signing of the Treaty of Paris:
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| Great Britain’s reasons for controlling the colonies and the steps taken to do it | Great Britain desired to remain a world power which resulted in a conflict with the French known as the French and Indian War, They imposed taxes, such as the Stamp Act, to raise necessary revenue to pay the cost of the French and Indian War.
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| Great Britain’s reasons for taxation of the colonies: | To help finance the French and Indian War, and to help finance the maintenance of British troops in the colonies
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| Results of colonial dissatisfaction | The colonies were taxed, but had no representation in Parliament. They resented colonial governors' power. GB wanted strict control over colonial legislatures. The Proclamation of l763 restricted the western movement of settlers.
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| How did Great Britain raise money to pay the costs of the French and Indian War? | Imposed taxes on the colonists
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| Why were the colonists dissatisfied with Great Britain? | The colonists did not have representation in Parliament
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| Which member of the House of Burgesses presented a powerful speech advocating revolution? | Patrick Henry
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| Who was the commander of the Continental Army? | George Washington
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| Where did the first battles of the American Revolutionary War take place? | Lexington and Concord
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| Which British General surrendered at Yorktown? | Lord Cornwallis
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| Who was the major author of the Declaration of Independence? | Thomas Jefferson
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| What former enslaved African American wrote poems and plays supporting American independence? | Phillis Wheatley
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| Who led patriots in throwing tea into Boston Harbor to protest taxes on tea? | Samuel Adams
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| The signing of what document recognized American independence from Great Britain | Treaty of Paris
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| What country helped the American colonists win the Revolutionary War? | France
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| What key factor helped the American colonists win the Revolutionary War? | Strong Leadership
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| President George Washington's significant accomplishments while in office | The federal court system was established. The Bill of Rights was added to the U.S. Constitution.Plans were created for development of the national capital in Washington, D.C. Benjamin Banneker, an African American, helped complete the design for the city
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| President John Adam's significant ccomplishment while in office | Developed a two-party system emerged during his administration
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| President Thomas Jefferson's significant accomplishments while in office | He bought Louisiana from France (Louisiana Purchase). Lewis and Clark explored new land west of the Mississippi River
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| President James Madison's significant accomplishment while in office | The War of l812 caused European nations to gain respect for the United States
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| President James Monroe's significant accomplishment while in office | He introduced the Monroe Doctrine warning European nations not to interfere in the Western Hemisphere.
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| The United States government is a | representative democracy
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| The Articles of Confederation established what could best be described as a | weak national government
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| What was a weakness of the Articles of Confederation? | It did not provide for an executive or judicial branch.
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| The Virginia Plan for the Constitution of the United States called for a | government in which larger states would have more power.
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| Who drafted the Virginia Plan? | James Madison
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| The main responsibility of Congress is to | make laws
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| Who was president when the two-party system emerged? | John Adams
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| Who was president when the federal court system was established? | George Washington
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| What president bought Louisiana from France? | Thomas Jefferson
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| What president warned European nations not to interfere with issues pertaining to the Western Hemisphere? | James Monroe
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| What event doubled the size of the United States? | Louisiana Purchase
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| Meriwether Lewis and William Clark explored what territory? | Louisiana Purchase and Oregon Territory
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| Which country gave Florida to the United States, based on the conditions of a treaty? | Spain
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| What independent republic joined the United States? | Texas
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| As a result of a war with Mexico, which state became part of the United States? | California
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| What provided cheaper and faster transportation to the Great Lakes area? | Erie Canal
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| The idea that expansion was for the good of the country and was the right of the country became known as | Manifest Destiny.
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| Who invented a machine that easily separated the cotton fibers from the seed? | Eli Whitney
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| Who invented the reaper, which increased productivity of the American farmer? | Anderson and McCormick
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| Who improved the steamboat, which provided faster river transportation? | Robert Fulton
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| He led violent slave rebellion in 1831, and was motivated by religion | Nat Turner
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| He founded The Liberator, worked for the immediate emancipation of all enslaved African Americans, was deeply religious and a moral absolutist, was cofounder of the American Anti-Slavery Society (1833) | William Lloyd Garrison
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| She led hundreds of enslaved African Americans to freedom along the Underground Railroad | Harriet Tubman
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| He ran away from his master and spoke publicly against slavery, founded the North Star in 1847, worked through political channels for rights for African Americans and women to better their lives. Abol | Fredrick Douglas
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| He was a free African American that advocated fighting for freedom, did not want to waiting for the abolition of slavery | David Walker
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| One of the first white abolitionists to call for the “immediate and complete emancipation” of enslaved people was | William Lloyd Garrison
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| Most abolitionists believed that | slavery was morally wrong
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| Women who were fighting to end slavery recognized their own bondage and formed the | Women's suffrage movement.
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| Who ran away from his master and later started an abolitionist newspaper called The North Star? | Fredrick Douglas
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| The network of escape routes out of the South for enslaved people was known as the | Underground Railroad
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| Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony were best known for their struggle to | secure the right of women to vote
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| Who published the anti-slavery newspaper The Liberator? | William Lloyd Garrison
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| “As the first runaway slave to speak publicly against slavery, I ask for abolition immediately and I call for slaves to lead the fight for this cause.” Which of the following people might have made this statement? | Fredrick Douglas
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| What abolitionist and women’s rights leader escaped from slavery? | Isabel (Sojourner) Truth
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| Who worked tirelessly to make sure that women would be able to vote? | Susan B. Anthony
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| Abraham Lincoln's accomplishments | 16th US President, Opposed spread of slavery, Issued the Emancipation Proclamation, Determined to preserve the Union, by force if necessary, Believed in U.S. was one nation - not collection of independent states. Wrote Gettysburg Addresss-"of the people"
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| Was president of the Confederate States of America | Jefferson Davis
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| Was general of the Union army that defeated Lee | Ulysses S. Grant
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| What divided the nation and led to the Civil War. | slavery
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| The ______ was an urban society in which people held jobs in cities. Whereas,was the ________ primarily an agricultural society in which people lived in small villages and on farms and plantations. | North, South
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| Missouri entered the Union as a slave state; Maine entered the Union as a free state. | Missouri Compromise
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| California entered the Union as a free state. Southwest territories would decide the slavery issue for themselves. | The Compromise of 1850
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| People in each state would decide the slavery issue (“popular sovereignty”). | Kansas-Nebraska Act:
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| Identify the states that seceded from the Union | Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia
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| Identify border states (slave states) that remained in the Union | Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri.
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| Identify the free states that remained in the Union: | California, Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.
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| What state was formed from western counties of Virginia that refused to secede from the Union. | West Virginia
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| He was general of the Union army that defeated Lee | Ulysses S. Grant
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| Leader of Northern Virginia army, offered command of the Union forces, but would not fight against Virginia, Opposed secession - believe the Union should be held together by force, Urged Southerners to accept defeat at the end of the war and reunite. | Robert E. Lee
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| He was a skilled Confederate general from Virginia | Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
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| First major battle of the Civil War. | The first Battle of Manassas (Bull Run)
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| Began the Civil War | The firing on Fort Sumter, S.C.,
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| The clash between the industrialized North and the agricultural South was ________ of the Civil War. | An economic cause
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| The disagreement over new states being free or slave states was one cause of the | The Civil War
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| The compromise that allowed for popular sovereignty was the | Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854
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| What document was adopted by Congress to maintain a balance between free and slave states? | Abraham Lincoln
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| Who was the President of the United States during the Civil War? | Abraham Lincoln
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| At the beginning of the Civil War, bringing the southern states back into the Union was the main goal of | The North
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| At the beginning of the Civil War, having the southern states recognized as an independent nation was the main goal of | The South
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| Who served in regiments separate from white regiments in the Union Army? | African American soldiers
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| What was the first state to secede from the Union in 1860? | South Caroina
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| Which state permitted slavery but did not secede from the Union? | Maryland
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| Where were the first shots of the Civil War fired? | Fort Sumter
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| What was the capital city of the Confederacy? | Richmond, VA
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