Quiz 1 for IV Therapy
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| What is the "Safe Medical Device Act"? | FDA could quickly be informed of any medical product that
has caused or suspected to have caused a serious illness, injury or death.
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| Who regulates the "Safe Medical Device Act"? | The FDA "Food and Drug Administration"
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| What kind of problems does the "Safe Medical Device Act" take care of? | 1:Rapidly identify and understand problems with the use of medical devices.2Provide a virtual laboratory for research into understanding device problems.3: Provide actionable feedback to health care professionals.
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| What are some occupational risk? | – Two types of occupational risks: Biological & Physical hazards,(Regulated by OSHA)
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| What is Negligence? | the act of doing something or refraining from doing something that any other reasonable medical professional would do or refrain from doing in a similar situation.
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| What is assault? | the unjustifiable attempt or threat to touch a person with oust consent that results in fear of immediately harmful or threatening contact. (touching does not actually have to occur)
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| What is battery? | unlawful,harmful, or unwanted touching of another or the carrying out of threatened physical harm.Regardless of intent or out come, touching with out consent is considered battery
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| What is malpractice? | A type of negligence, committed by a person in a professional capacity.
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| Causative Agent First Link | The source of infection Can be bacteria, fungus,virus, or parasite,Virulence the ability of an organism to induce disease
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| Four components required to prove liability for malpractice are? | 1:established that the nurse had a duty to that pt.2:Breach of standards of care or failure to carry out that duty must be proven.3:Pt must suffer actual harm or injury.4:Must be a casual relationship between the breach of duty and injury suffered
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| What are risk Management tools? | Process that centers on identification, analysis, treatment and evaluation of real and potential hazards. It is the scientific process of asking how risky something is. It is the process of collecting analyzing scientific data.
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| What does it mean to have liability as an LPN? | 1.Verify type of PERIPHERAL I.V. ADMINISTERED
2.Examine PERIPHERAL INFUSION SITE for infiltration
3.Regulate PERIPHERAL I.V. to PRESCRIBED FLOW RATE
4.Discontinue PERIPHERAL I.V. site at PRESCRIBED TIME
5.Routine dressing changes on any I.V.site pe
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| Standards of care? | - Focuses on the recipient of care consistent with minimum safe professional conduct and describes outcomes of care that patients can expect to receive. (Focus on Patient)
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| Standards of practice? | Focuses on the provider and defines competent care along with the activities and behavior needed to achieve positive patient outcomes.(Focus on the Nurse)
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| What is tort? | A private wrong by act or omission, that can result in a civil action by the harmed person
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| What is informed consent? | provide patients with enough information to enable them to make a rational decision regarding whether to undergo treatment
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| How do LPNs prevent IV infections? | Skin prep- Skin cleansing, change dressing every 3days or as ordered
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| LPN with I.V. CERTIFICATION CAN#1 | 1. Administer through VENOUS LINE:
5% Dextrose w/water, w/ lactated ringers, w/ normal saline
Normal saline, Lactated Ringers
0.45% sodium chloride in water, 0.2% sodium chloride in water
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| LPN with I.V. CERTIFICATION CAN #2 | 2. Administer solutions with vitamins/electrolytes AFTER the RN initiates the first solution containing the same vitamins/electrolytes.
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| LPN with I.V. CERTIFICATION CAN#3 | 3. Initiate or maintain PERIPHERAL I.V. intermittent/secondary containing ANTIBIOTICS
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| LPN with I.V. CERTIFICATION CAN#4 | 4. Prepare or reconstitute ANTIBIOTICS for PERIPHERAL INFUSION ONLY
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| LPN with I.V. CERTIFICATION CAN#5 | 5. Inject HEPARIN or NORMAL SALINE to flush intermittent infusion or heparin lock
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| LPN with I.V. CERTIFICATION CAN#6 | 6. Change tubing on PERIPHERAL I.V.
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| LPN with I.V. CERTIFICATION CAN#7 | 7. Place PERIPHERAL I.V. in HAND, FOREARM, ANTECUBITAL SPACE = Catheter length must be less than 3 inches!!!!
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| LPN with I.V. CERTIFICATION CAN#8 | 8. Stop an infusion of BLOOD or BLOOD COMPONENTS if a complication arises
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| First Link = | Causative Agent- the source of infection- Bacteria, Virus, Parasite
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| Second Link= | = Reservoir – The place where the organism maintains it’s presence, metabolizes & replicates. ( humans, plants, animals, environment)
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| Third Link = | Portal of Exit from reservoir- Exit site, respiratory tract, GI tract, Skin, Blood.
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| Fourth Link = | Mode of transmission, how microbes are transmitted to the host through a portal of entry. Direct Transmission & Indirect Transmission.
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| Fifth Link = | Portal of entry – How the microorganism enters the body
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| Sixth Link = | Host - Any person who is at risk for infection. Best defense is intact skin. A immune compromised host is a person who has impaired natural defense mechanisms.
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| Direct Transmission: | Direct transfer of organisms by direct contact with the infected person, ie. Physical contact w infected person, touching, biting, kissing, sex.
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| Indirect Transmission: |
Vehicle borne transmission: through contact by hands, toys, clothes, soiled linens.
Vector borne transmission: by rats, mosquitoes
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| Epidemiology is the study of? | determinants, occurrence, and distribution of health and disease in a population.
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| Colonization- | The presence of a microorganism in or on a host with growth and multiplication with NO clinical symptoms.
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| Dissemination – | The shedding of microorganisms into the environment from a person carrying them. Risk of dissemination is generally greater from those with a disease than those who are colonized.
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| What is the single most important thing to prevent infection? | Hand washing
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| Biological hazards= | are of blood borne pathogens HIV, Hepatitis B & C
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| Physical= | – Chemical Exposure & Latex Allergy
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| chemical= | cytotoxic drugs used in the workplace, hazardous drugs have been known to cause chromosome breakage, skin necrosis, damage. Nurses are recommended to wear gloves.
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| Latex- | latex allergy is a serious medical problem for healthcare workers. Allergic reactions range from asthma to anaphylaxis, there is NO TREATMENT FOR LATEX ALLERGY.
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| 10 Key points of the Unusual Occurrence Report: | Patient’s admitting diagnosis,Date & when the incident occurred,Patient’s room number, Age of patient, Type of incident, Nature of incident, Factual description of the incident, Patients condition before the incident, Results of the incident or injury
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| Nosocomial Infection- | Infections that develop within a hospital or are produced by organisms acquired during hospitalization
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| Flora- | bacteria and other microorganisms that normally inhabit a bodily organ or part, Microorganism that are indigenous to each individual present mainly on skin, respiratory tract, GI tract, reproductive system
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| Colonization- | presence of microorganisms in or on a host with growth and multiplication of the microorganism with NO CLINICAL SYMPTOMS
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| Virulence- | Relative power & degree of pathogenicity possessed by organisms to produce disease.
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| Risk Management strategies are : | Informed Consent,
Unusual Occurrence Reports,
Sentinel Events,
Documentation
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| Medical Device Act- | - Nurses use many medical devices and report any problems related to infusion therapy
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| 4 Sources of Law | Constitutional Law, Statutory Law, Administrative Law, Common Law.
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| Constitutional Law- | is a formal set of rules and principles that describe the powers of a government and the right of the people.
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| Statutory Law- | formal laws written and enacted by federal, state, local legislatures
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| Administrative Law- | is a form of law set by administrative agencies such as State Boards of Nursing
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| Common Law- | is court made law. Most law in the area of malpractice is court made law, malpractice law is established by the courts
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| Criminal Law- | relates to offense against the general public caused by the potential harmful effect to society as a whole.
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| Civil Law- | or private law, affects the legal rights of private persons and corporations.
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| Slander- | Malicious or untrue spoken words about another person that are brought to the attention of others
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| 3 MECHANISMS OF DEFENSE? | 1. 1Physical (skin mucous membranes), chemical(tears, gastric acidity), Mechanical (lacrimation, peristalysis, urinary flow)2 Phagocytosis, complement cascade, inflammation, fever3 Tertiary mechanisms- Specific immunity, lymphocytes
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| 4 components that are required to prove liability for malpractice: | must be established that the nurse had a duty to the patient,a breach of standards of care or failure to carry out that duty must be proven,the patient must suffer actual harm,casual relationship between the breach of duty and the injury suffered
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| Breach of duty- | a deficiency in performing a duty occurred, failing to initiate care, & maintain infusion therapy according to reasonable and prudent standards of care.
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| Evidenced based practice- | Conscientious, explicit and judicious use of theory-derived, research-based information in making decisions about care delivery to individuals or groups of individuals.
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| Areas of malpractice: | 1).Failure to monitor and access clinical status, 2). Failure to prevent infection, 3).Failure to use equipment properly, 4).Failure to protect the patient from avoidable injury.
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| Unusual Occurrence Report- are | non judgemental, factual reports of the problem and its consequences. It is considered an internal reporting mechanism for performance improvement. They should be reported to the superior and charted but to the report should not appear in the pt record
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| What does a LPN document when documenting on an IV? | Date, time of insertion, number & location of attempts, site, type of dressing, indentification of the person inserting the device.Specific site preparation, infection control, safety precautions taken.
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