Orgnztion of Body
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| Levels of Organization | chemicals, cells, tissue, organ, organs system,
Body as a whole
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| structures associated with integumentary system | hair, nails, sweat gland and oil glands
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| what are the 10 body systems? | skeletal, muscle, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular,lymphatic,respiratory,digestive,urinary, reproductive
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| purpose of integumentary system? | protect,support and movement
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| purpose of skeletal system? | framework of body,shape, movement, protect organs,produce blood cells
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| skeletal system 2 types of bones? | APPENDICULAR(126)... arms, legs, pectorial girdle, pelvic girdle
AXIAL(80)...skull,rib cage, vertebral column
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| Bone Structure is made of? | Tissue
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| Classifications of bone | shape, flat, irregular
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| examples of flat bones? | ribs, skull
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| examples of irregular bones | vertebral column, pelvic girdle
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| 2 types of bone marrow? | red and yellow
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| where is red marrow found? | end of long bones, center of other bones,
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| functions of red marrow? | store calcium, produce new blood cells
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| where is yellow marrow found? | interior of long bones
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| what does yellow marrow consist of? | mainly lip/o (fat)
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| Function of muscular system? | assist with movement, support of structure
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| types of muscle? | smooth, cardiac, skeletal
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| what organs are made of smooth muscle? | stomach, rectum, colon
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| layers of muscle? | endomysium, perimysium, epimysium tendon
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| tendon | attaches muscle to bone
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| endomysium | deepest layer
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| perimysium | encases endomysium
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| epimysium | inner most layer
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| are smooth and cardiac muscle movements voluntary or involuntary? | Involuntary
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| skeletal muscle voluntary or involuntary? | voluntary
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| what makes the nervous system? | brain, spinal cord, nerves
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| special sensory organs? | ears, eyes, tastebuds, organs of smell
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| cerebrospinal fluid (csf) | fluid protecting the nerves
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| cerebrum | largest part of brain, divided in left and right
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| diencephalon | area between lobes of cerebrum and brain stem
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| brain stem | connects cerebrum and diencephalon
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| cerebellum | smallest section, located behind cerebrum
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| Types of neurons? | afferent, efferent, interneurons
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| afferent neurons | receivers
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| efferent neurons | carry msgs to muscles and glands
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| interneurons | relays clear meessage w/in the CNS
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| structure of neuron | dendrite, cell body(nucleus), axon
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| dendrite | fingerlike, sends msg to nucleus
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| cell body(nucleus) | gathers and processes info
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| axon | delivers messages
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| endocrine system | produces hormones to regulate body activity, growth,food utilization and reproduction
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| endocrine glands | thyroid, pituitary, adrenal
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| types of hormones? | amino acids, steroids
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| negative feedback | controls hormones, hormones released to stop a function
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| positive feedback | caused by stimuli to release hormone to promote more
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| homeostasis | body in balance, "staying the same"
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| pituitary gland | regulates other glands. master gland
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| lymphatic system | aids in absorbtion of digested fats
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| cardiovascular system | carries waste materials away from tissue to points where they can be eliminated
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| lymphatic organs | tonsils, thymus, and spleen
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| respiratory system | to take in air and conduct it to areas designated for gas exchange
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| digestive system | teeth, mouth, tongue, esphogus, stomach, large and small intestines, colon, rectum
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| urinary system | 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 1 bladder, 1 urethra
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| GH | growth hormone
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| TSH | thyroid-stimulating hormone
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| PRL | prolactin -milk production
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| FSH | follicle-stimulating hormone
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| ACTH | adrenocorticotropic hormone -stimulates adrenal gland
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| layers of the eye | sclera, chorid, retina
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| sclera | outer layer, white of eye, protects eye
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| chorid | middle layer, iris, regulates amt of light entering eye
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| retina | inner layer, made of rods/cones,
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| rods | light sensitive
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| cones | function in bright light
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| sections of ear | external, middle, inner
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| pinna | directs soundwaves into the ear
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| tympanic membrane | eardrum,vibrates as sound enters the ear
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| 3 types of bones in ear | malleous, incus stapes
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| cochlea | receptors for hearing
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| dorsal cavity contains | cranial cavity, spinal cavity
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| ventral cavity | thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity, diaphragm
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| elevation | movement of the shoulder upward
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| depression | movement of the shoulder down
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| protraction | forward neck movement
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| retraction | backward neck movement
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| eversion | foot movement outward
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| inversion | foot movement inward
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| adduction | leg movement inward
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| abduction | leg movement outward
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| dorsiflexion | foot movement up
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| plantar flexion | foot movement down
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| extension | arm straight forward
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| hyperextension | hand upward
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| flexion | hand downward, lower leg bent backward
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| extension | lower leg straight
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| circumduction | arm circles
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| rotation | wrist circles
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| supination | palm out
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| pronation | palm in
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| steroids | fat hormone
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| amino acid | proteins
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| cranial | nearer to head
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| caudal | nearer to sacral region
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| medial | nearer to imaginary plane(midline)
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| lateral | farther from midline
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| proximal | nearer to origin(joint) of a structure
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| distal | farther from the point of origin of structure
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| catabolism | breaking down of nutrients to yield energy
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| anabolism | repair of tissue
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| urinary system | rids body of waste and excess water
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| reproductive system | production of offspring
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| endocardium | innermost layer of heart wall
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| myocardium | middle of heart wall
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| epicardium | outermost layer of heart wall
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| right atrium location | upper right chamber
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| right ventricle location | lower right chamber
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| left atrium | upper left chamber
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| left ventricle | lower left chamber
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| phases of respiraion | pulmonary ventilation, external exchange, internal exchange
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