seedless plants, angiosperms, gymnosperms
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| carolla | whorl of petals in a flower
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| calyx | lowermost whorl of modified leaves, sepals
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| sporophyte | a multicellular, spore-producing life phase of an organism
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| pedicel | individual flower stalk
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| gametophyte | the gamete-producing body of a plant or an alga;usually haploid
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| fruit | structure that develops from the ovary and sometimes adjacent flower parts after pollination and fertilization is achieved
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| pome | fleshy fruit where flesh derives from a large receptacle (apples, pears)
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| legume | plants that are members of the pea or bean family
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| achene | type of simple indehiscent fruit containing a single seed attatched to the fruit wall at a single point
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| samara | simple indehiscent dry fruit containing a single seed and wings
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| nut | a type of simple indehiscent dry fruit
fruit was is stony and derived from multiple carpels
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| megasporophyll | leaf like structure that bears the megasporangium
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| cotyledon | the embryonic seed leaves in the flowering plants that contain the nutritive tissue derived from the endosperm
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| endosperm | triploid nutritive tissue formed as one result of double fertilization in angiosperms
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| microspore | tiny spores whose walls enclose male gametophytes
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| sporophyll | a spore bearing leaf
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| achegonia | vase shaped gamete in seedless vascular plants in which an egg is produced within a sterile jacket layer of cells
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| sporangium | structure which spores are produced
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| nucellus | female sporangium within an ovule
megasporangium in seed plants
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| progymnosperms | a group of extinct plants known only from fossils that possessed wood similar to that of modern gymnosperms, but lacked seeds
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| gymnosperm | group of embryophytes that have seeds not enclosed in fruits
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| pteridophyte | non-seed vascular plants; when leaves are present they have branching vascular systems (ferns)
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| bryophyte | mosses, liverworts and hornworts
non-vascular embryophytes
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| gemmae | a small piece of the gametophyte body that can develop into a new plant
a form of asexual reproduction
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| sepal | the outermost whorl of floral parts which are leaf-like and usually green
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| spore | a reproductive cell that is capable of growing into a new organism without fusing with another cell
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| stigma | the area of the pistil that receives pollen grains
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| style | in the flowers pistil; the style is the column of tissue between the stigma and the ovary through which the pollen tubes grow
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| ovary | broad,round lower portion of the carpel in flowering plants, where the ovules are located
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| carpel | a folded and fused leaf-life structure that contains ovules
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| mitosis | a form of nuclear division in which a set of chromosome copies resulting from DNA replication are distributed to progeny cells
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| peristome | the upper part of the moss capsule that is specialized to discharge spores
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| meiosis | the two successive nuclear divisions that reduce the number of chromosomes from diploid to haploid, producing haploid spores
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| capsule | a simple dry dehiscent fruit consisting of two or more carpels that may split open in a variety of ways
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| carpellate | flowers that lack stamens
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| staminate | flowers that lack carpels
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| generative cell | a cell found in pollen tubes
gymnosperms= gives rise to body cell and stalk cell
angiosperms= gives rise directly to two male gametes and generative nuclei
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| peduncle | stalk that bears a flower of a cluster of flowers
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| synergid | two haploid nuclei at the micropylar end of the embryo that dont participate in fertilization
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| antipodals | haploid cells usually three in number found in the embryo sac at opposite ends of the micropyle
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| pteridosperms | extinct order of gymnosperms known from fossils, had fern-like fronds and showed thickening of stems and seed formations
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| calyptra | hood over sporophyte in mosses and liverworts; developed from wall of archegonium
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| operculum | membranous cap covering the peristome in undehisced capsule of sporophytes
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| perfect flower | term for a flower that has both stamens and carpels
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| imperfect flower | term for a flower that has either carpels or stamens
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| berry | fleshy fruit with one to several carpels in which the flesh is soft throughout the fruit
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| drupe | fleshy fruit in which inner layer of the fruit forms a hard stony pit tightly bound to the seed
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| multiple fruit | fruits formed when the fruitlets made by an individual flower in an inflorescence fuse into a single large fruit (pineapple)
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| aggregate fruit | fruits formed from a single flower with multiple pistils in which each pistil develops into a fruitlet (raspberries)
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| irregular flower | show bilateral symmetry
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| double fertilization | unique characteristic of flowering plants in which two sperm nuclei fuse with separate nuclei to produce a diploid zygote and a triploid endosperm
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| regular flower | show radial symmetry
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| microsporangia | sporangium that give rise to microspores
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| megasporangia | sporangium that produce megaspores
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| indusium | flap of tissue covering the sorus
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| megaspore | large haploid spore that gives rise to the female gametophyte
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| microsporocyte | diploid cells in the pollen sacs that divide by meiosis to produce four haploid microspores
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| megasporocyte | cell that undergoes meiosis to produce megaspores in heterosporous plants
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| megaphyll | a leaf having a branched system of veins (euphyll)
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| microphyll | small leaves with only one vein found in lycophytes (lycophylls)
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| lycophyll | leaves having a single unbranched vein that does not leave a gap in the stems vascular system
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| euphyll | leaves having a branched vascular system that leaves a gap in the stems vascular system
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| polar nuclei | the two nuclei that lie in the center of the female gametophyte or embryo sac. After fertilization with a sperm nucleus the 3 nuclei give rise to the triploid endosperm tissue
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| microsporophyll | the leaf-like structure that bears one or more microsporangia
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| monotcots | flower parts in multiples of three
leaf venation parallel
vascular bundles scattered
one pore or furrow
one cotyledon
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| dicots | flower parts in multiples of four or five
leaf venation netlike
vascular bundles in a ring
three pores or furrows
two cotyledons
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| sporopollenin | retains water and microbial resistance
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| lignin | stregthens and waterproofs cell walls
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| cutin | on plant surfaces; microbial resistance, UV radiation
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