eyes
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| Lymph-like material found in the anterior and posterior chambers. | aqueous humor
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| Tears are secreted from the _____. | lacrimal duct
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| The innermost membranous layer of the cornea. | Descemet membrane
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| The muscles of the eye are called the _____. | ocular muscles
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| The muscle which lifts the eyelid. | levator palpebrae superioris
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| A cartilaginous loop which acts like a pulley. | trochlea
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| The innermost layer of the eye. | retina
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| The ligament which supports the lens. | suspensory ligament
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| The outermost layer of the eyeball, the shell. | sclera
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| The second layer of the eyeball. | uveal tract
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| Another term for the second layer of the eyeball. | choroid
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| A muscle of the eye. | superior oblique muscle
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| Fat around the eye structure. | periorbital fat
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| The aqueous humor is secreted by this structure. | ciliary body
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| The outermost membrane of the cornea. | Bowman membrane
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| A jelly-like substance behind the lens. | vitreous humor
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| Eyelids. | palpebrae
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| The transparent structure which forms the anterior portion of the eye. | cornea
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| The blind spot. | optic disc
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| Muscle on the top of the eye, innervated by a cranial nerve. | superior rectus muscle
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| Muscle below the eye. | inferior rectus muscle
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| The delicate membrane which lines the eyelids and exposed portions of the sclera. | conjunctiva
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| acuity | Sharpness of vision.
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| Snellen | The eye chart used to determine acuity.
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| funduscopic | Examination of the back of the retina to assess abnormalities of the optic disc.
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| ophthalmoscope | An instrument with a light attached to it for examining the eye.
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| fluorescein dye | A dye injected into the eye or the arm.
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| cobalt blue | Type of light used when examining with fluorescein dye.
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| Amsler grid | Grid used to test visual field.
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| perimetry | Testing of peripheral vision.
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| tonometer | An instrument for measuring tension or pressure.
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| gonioscopy | Examination to demonstrate ocular motility and rotation
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| Clarity or sharpness. | acuity
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| An instrument with a light attached to it, for examining the eye. | ophthalmoscope
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| A dye injected into the eye or the arm. | fluorescein dye
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| A grid used in testing the visual field. | Amsler grid
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| An instrument for measuring tension or pressure. | tonometer
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| Examination to demonstrate ocular motility and rotation. | gonioscopy
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| The eye chart used to determine acuity. | Snellen
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| Testing of peripheral vision. | perimetry
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| Examination of the back of the retina to assess abnormalities of the optic disc. | funduscopic examination
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| A light used on examination with fluorescein dye. | cobalt blue
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| amblyopia | Impairment of vision without any lesion of the eye detected.
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| arcus senilis | A white or gray band around the margin of the cornea as a result of cholesterol deposition, hyaline change, or both. This occurs with advancing age.
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| blepharitis | Inflammation of the eyelids.
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| blepharospasm | A tonic spasm of the orbicularis oculi muscle that produces more or less total closure of the eyelid.
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| cataract | An opacity on or in the lens that usually impairs vision or causes blindness. This can affect one or both eyes. There are different types of cataracts, and they are classified according to size, shape, and occurrence or by the etiology.
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| chalazion | A cystic swelling in a gland of the eyelid due to a blocked duct.
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| chemosis | Excessive edema of the conjunctiva.
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| choroiditis | Inflammation of the choroid or uveal tract.
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| chorioretinitis | Inflammation of the choroid and retina.
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| conjunctivitis | Inflammation of the conjunctiva, usually associated with a discharge.
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| Inflammation of the eyelids. | blepharitis
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| A band around the margin of the cornea which occurs as a result of aging. | arcus senilis
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| Swelling of the eyelid due to a blocked duct. | chalazion
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| Edema of the conjunctiva. | chemosis
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| Impairment of vision without the presence of a lesion. | amblyopia
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| dacryocystitis | Inflammation of the lacrimal sac.
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| dacryostenosis | Stricture or narrowing of a lacrimal duct.
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| diplopia | The perception of two images of a single object. Also called double vision.
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| ectropion | Eversion of eyelid edge.
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| entropion | Inversion (turning inward) of edge of lower eyelid.
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| exophthalmos | Abnormal protrusion of the eyeball (bulging eyes). This can be due either to a local process or caused by a more generalized disease, such as Graves disease. Also spelled exophthalmus.
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| glaucoma | A set of diseases in which there is increased ocular pressure caused by a failure of the aqueous humor to be absorbed. This causes changes to the optic disc and defects in the field of vision.
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| hordeolum | A localized, purulent, inflammatory bacterial infection of one or more glands of the eyelids. This is also called a stye.
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| stye | Infection of the sebaceous gland of the eyelid. Also called a hordeolum.
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| hypermetropia | Also called hyperopia, this is farsightedness. This occurs when the eyeball is too short and images are thus focused at a point behind the retina.
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| hyphema | Bleeding into the anterior chamber of the eye, usually due to trauma.
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| macular degeneration | The loss of central vision due to changes in a lining of the retina. This is an age-related disorder. In this condition, peripheral vision is preserved.
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| miosis | Contraction of the pupil. This is a normal process unless related to paralysis of the dilator of the eye (paralytic miosis), caused by spasms (spastic miosis) or due to spinal disease (spinal miosis).
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| mydriasis | Physiologic or morbid dilatation of the pupil.
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| myopia | Nearsightedness. This occurs when the eyeball is elongated and light rays focus at a point in front of the retina.
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| nystagmus | An involuntary, rapid, rhythmic movement of the eyeball that can be horizontal, vertical, rotatory, or mixed.
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| papilledema | Swelling or edema of the optic disc, usually as a result of intracranial pressure, malignant hypertension, or thrombosis of a retinal vein.
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| photophobia | Abnormal intolerance to light.
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| presbyopia | Impairment of vision due to old age. This is caused by a decrease in the power of accommodation which causes the near point of distinct vision to be removed further from the eye.
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| pterygium | A thick triangular piece of tissue, pale in color, that extends medially from the nasal corneal border to the inner canthus.
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| Nearsightedness. | myopia
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| Contraction of the pupil. | miosis
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| Involuntary rapid eyeball movement. | nystagmus
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| Abnormal intolerance to light. | photophobia
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| Triangular piece of tissue which extends to the inner canthus. | pterygium
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| Age-related disorder with central vision loss. | macular degeneration
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| Swelling or edema of optic disc. | papilledema
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| Impairment of vision due to old age. | presbyopia
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| Bleeding into anterior chamber of the eye. | hyphema
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| Morbid dilatation of the pupil. | mydriasis
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| nystagmus | This is a symptom of systemic illness, such as multiple sclerosis or intoxication. It can also occur as a result of riding a circular ride or gazing fixedly at an object.
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| ptosis | Drooping of the upper eyelid from paralysis of the third nerve or from sympathetic innervation.
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| retinopathy | A general term for degenerative, noninflammatory diseases of the retina.
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| scleritis | Inflammation of the sclera.
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| scotoma | An area of lost or depressed vision within the visual field, surrounding an area of normal vision.
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| strabismus | Deviation of the eye which the patient cannot control. This is present when the direction of gaze of the two eyes is not the same.
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| synechia | Adhesion of the iris to the cornea or the lens. (Plural is synechiae).
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| uveitis | Inflammation of all or part of the uveal tract or choroid. This condition commonly involves the other tunics as well (the sclera, cornea, and retina).
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| xanthoma palpebrarum | A soft yellow spot or plaque occurring on the eyelids, often in groups. Also called xanthelasma.
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| xanthelasma | Another name for xanthoma palpebrarum.
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| xerophthalmia | Dryness of the conjunctiva and cornea due to a vitamin A deficiency.
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| Inflammation of the sclera. | scleritis
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| Inflammation of the choroids. | uveitis
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| Dryness of conjunctiva and cornea. | xerophthalmia
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| Drooping of the upper eyelid. | ptosis
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| A soft yellow spot occurring on the eyelids. | xanthoma palpebrarum
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| Degenerative, noninflammatory disease of the retina. | retinopathy
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| Adhesion of the iris. | synechia
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| Area of lost or depressed vision. | scotoma
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| Another name for a soft, yellow spot on the eyelids. | xanthelasma
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| Deviation of the eye which the patient cannot control. | strabismus
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