5PulmAnatomyreading
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| The layers of the neck | endocrine; respiratory; alimentary
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| Respiratory Layer is comprised of what? | trachea and larynx
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| Fx of Respiratory layer | routing air and food into proper places; providing patent airway + sealing; voice production
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| What vertebral levels is the larynx aligned with? | C3-C6
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| What does the larynx connect? | pharynx with trachea
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| Fx of larynx | guard airway passage: sphincter of lower respiratory tract: maintains airway during swallowing
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| Give the laryngeal cartilages (un/paired) | 9: Single-thyroid, cricoid, epiglottic; paired-arytenoid, cuniform, corniculates
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| Superior border of thyroid cartilage is at what cervical vertebrae level? | C4
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| What forms the Adam’s Apple aka? | Laryngeal prominence; the inferior 2/3 of the thyroid laminas fuse anteriorly
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| What is the superior thyroid notch? | the v shaped notch just superior to the laryngeal prominence
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| What is the inferior thyroid notch? | Inferior part of thyroid cartilage
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| What are the posterior superior and inferior lamina projections known as? | superior and inferior cornu
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| What does the superior horn connect to? | Attaches to hyoid via thyrohyoid membrane
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| The thyrohyoid membrane has what ligaments? | mediallymedian thyrohyoid lig; laterallylat. Thyrohyoid lig.
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| What does the inferior horn articulate to? | lateral surface of cricoids cartilage at cricothyroid jts
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| What is the significance to the cricothyroid joint? | rotation and gliding of thyroid changes in vocal cord length
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| Which cartilage makes a complete ring around the airway? | cricothyroid
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| Anterior band of cricoids is called what? | arch
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| What does the median cricothyroid ligament do? | attaches cricoids to inferior margin of thyroid
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| What does the cricotracheal ligament do? | attaches cricoid to first tracheal ring
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| Arytenoid cartilage | 3 sided pyramidal shaped; attaches to superior lateral cricoids; has vocal process, has mm process
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| Arytenoid mm | cricoid arytenoids that attach at muscular process
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| Cricoid-Arytenoid joint | allows arytenoids to move toward and away from each other, rotate, and move ant/post
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| Cricoid-Arytenoid jts affect what? | vocal fold movement
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| What do the vocal ligaments comprise? | vocal folds (submucosal); free border of consus elasticus and cricovocal memb.
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| Vocal ligaments go from what to what | thyroid cartilage’s lamina-arytenoid cartilage (vocal process)
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| Conus elasticus | Blends anteriorly with thyrocricoid ligament (medial); closes tracheal inlet (except at vocal folds)
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| Lateral cricothyroid ligaments go from where to where? | vocal folds and cricoid
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| What is the rima glottidis? | opening btw vocal folds
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| What attachments does the epiglottis have and how? | to thyroid laminae thyro-epiglottic lig; ant hyoid hyo-epi. Lig
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| The quadrangular membrane extends btw what? | goes btw lat. Arytenoids and epiglottic cartilages
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| What are the quadrangular mem. parts? | Vestibule &vestibular folds; aryepiglottic lig/which form fold.@ free sup. End
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| What are the nodule like structures in ary-epiglottic fold? | corniculate and cuneiform cartilages
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| What do corniculate cartilages attach to? | arytenoids
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| What do cuneiform cartilages attach to? | they don’t directly attach to other cartilages
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| What structures comprise the submucosal, fibro-elastic membrane of larynx? | quadrangular mem. and conus elasticus
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| Laryngeal inlet is between what? | pharynx and larynx
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| What is the laryngeal cavity? | laryngeal inlet to inf. Border of cricoid cartilage
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| Laryngeal vestibule is btw what? | vestibular folds and laryngeal inlet
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| Laryngeal ventricle | medial to lateral recess btw. Vestibular and vocal fold (vertical orientation))
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| What are laryngeal saccules? | blind pockets into each ventricle; lined with mucosal glands
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| Infraglottic cavity | btw vocal folds and inf. Part of cricoid cartilage-continuous with trachea
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| What are vocal folds comprised of? | vocal ligament (med. Free edge of conus elasticus); vocalis muscle;
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| Vocal fold fx | control sound production; main inspiratory sphincter when tightly closed
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| Glottis is made up of what? | rima glottis and vocal folds and processes-glottis is the vocal apparatus
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| Shape of glottis during a)normal breathing b)forced respiration & c) phonation | a)narrow (wedge) b)wide (trap.)c)slit
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| What makes male voice low? | long vocal cords
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| Fx of vestibular folds | protective
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| Extrinsic laryngeal mm-name and fx | Infrahyoid-depress hyoid; suprahyoid-elevate hyoid; stylopharyngeous-elevates hy.
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| Intrinsic laryngeal mm adductors | lateral crico-arytenoid mm; transverse and oblique arytenoid mm;
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| Intrinsic laryngeal mm nervous supply (except for which mm?) | recurrent laryngeal nerve of vagus (not cricothyroid mm)
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| Which nerve supplies cricothyroid mm? | External laryngeal mm which is a branch of the superior laryngeal nerve
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| Lateral crico-arytenoid mm fx? | pulls vocal cords anteriorly and arytenoid cartilage rotates, swings vocal processes med.
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| Transverse and oblique arytenoids fx | adduct the arytenoids toward one another.
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| How does whispering work? | Transverse arytenoids mm not AD, but vocal lig are adducted
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| What does the post. crico-arytenoid mm do? | Abductor, rotates vocal processes laterally; widens rima glottidis
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| How does the sphincter function? | closes off airway in strong reflex via the ary-epliglottic mm pulling on the AD mm
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| What is the tensor mm and how does it work | cricothyroid mm pulls thyroid prominence ant. & inf. to arch of cricoid What is the outcome of the tensor mm action?
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| What are relaxer mm? | Thyroarytenoid mm; pulls arytenoids toward thyroid prominence; lowers pitch
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| What are vocalis mm fx? | medial thyroarytenoid mm and lateral to vocal cords; produce minute adjustments to voice
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| Describe sup and inf laryngeal arteries | branches of sup and inf thyroid a. which are branches of ext and com. carotid a.
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| What does sup. larynx. a supply? | internal surface of larynx
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| What does inferior laryngeal a supply? | inf. part of larynx
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| Cricothyroid artery does what? | supplies cricothyroid mm; small branch of sup. thyroid a.
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| Veins follow accompanying arteries! |
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| Sup. Laryngeal vein drains into? | superior thyroid veininternal jugular vein
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| Inf. laryngeal vein drains into | inf. thyroid veinL brachiocephalic vein
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| Describe lymph node drainage | inf to vocal foldsinf. deep cervical lymph nodes; sup to vocal foldssup. deep cervical
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| Describe origin of superior laryngeal nerve | from vagus;
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| Describe internal branch sup. lary. N | sensory for laryngeal cavity, membrane of vestibule, & vocal folds
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| Describe external branch sup. lary. n | motor for cricothyroid mm
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| Inferior laryngeal nerve | branch of recurrent laryngeal n and motor supply for all laryngeal mm except cricothyroid mm
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| Recurrent laryngeal nerve is a branch of ? | vagus n
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| Trachea spans what vertebral levels? | C6-btw T4 and T5
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