Atmosphere - Sections 1 and 2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| What elements make up the Earth's atmosphere? | mostly nitrogen with about 21% oxygen
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| What causes differences in air temperatures at different altitudes? | mainly the way gases absorb solar energy
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| What are the two highest layers of the atmosphere? | thermosphere and mesosphere
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| In what layer of the atmosphere do auroras occur? | ionosphere
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| What is the troposphere? | the closest layer to the earth, also the densest layer, contains almost 90% of the atmosphere's mass
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| What is the thermosphere? | the farthest layer from earth with lack of particle density, little thermal energy transfer
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| What is the stratosphere? | The layer with layered gases, thin air, and little moisture
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| What is the mesosphere? | the coldest layer, temperature descreases as altitude increases
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| What is radiation? | energy transferred as electromagnetic waves
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| What is thermal conduction? | energy transferred as heat through a material
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| What is convection? | thermal energy transferred by circulation of a liquid or gas
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| What is greenhouse effect? | the process by which gases in the atmosphere absorb thermal energy and radiate it back to earth
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| What is radiation balance? | the amount of energy received from the sun and the amount of energy returned to space are about equal
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| What is one reason for global warming? | increasing greenhouse gases
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| How does temperature change in the mesosphere? | temperature decreases as altitude increases
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| What is the atmosphere? | a mixture of gases
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| What is the air we breathe mostly made of? | nitrogen
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| About how much of Earth's atmosphere is oxygen? | 20%
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| Why is air pressure greatest at the Earth's surface? | gravity pulls gas molecules toward the surface
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| What layer is the protective ozone layer found in? | stratosphere
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| What happens to most of the solar energy that reaches Earth's atmosphere? | it is absorbed by the Earth's surface
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| What is the warmth you feel standing beneath a heat lamp an example of? | radiation
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| A cold frame keep plants alive in the winter. The sun heats the inside of the frame, but its covering prevents the heat from escaping. The way a cold frame works is similar to what ? | greenhouse effect
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| Some ovens have a fan to circulate the hot air inside the oven and to make food cook more quickly. What is this an example of? | convection
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| What explains the fact that a pan on a stove gets hot when it is above a flame? | thermal conduction
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| What is the difference between incoming solar energy and energy released from Earth into space called? | radiation balance
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| What type of pollutants are ozone and smog examples of? | secondary
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| What causes differences in air pressure? | unequal heating of the Earth
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| What happens to cold air at the poles? | It sinks because it is colder and more dense than the surrounding air
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| Why is the air warmer and less dense than surrounding air at the equator? | The equator receives more solar energy
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| What is wind? | the movement of air caused by differences in air pressure
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| What is created around the poles as cold air sinks? | high pressure areas
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| How can geographic features cause local winds? | During the day the air is cooler over water. The land heats up during the day and rises and the cold from the water flows in to replace it. At night, the air is cooler over land, so the wind blows toward the ocean.
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