Cardiovascular & Pulmonary Review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal pH, whole blood | 7.35-7.45
🗑
|
||||
| Normal SaO2 Value | > or equal to 95%
🗑
|
||||
| When does a person usually require supplemental O2? | When SaO2 value is less than 88-90%
or PaO2 < 58 mmHg
🗑
|
||||
| Normal adult value for WBCs? | 5,000-10,000 cells/mm^3
🗑
|
||||
| Type of exercise for pt with WBC > 5,000 cells/mm3 | Light exercise
🗑
|
||||
| Type of exercise for pt with WBC < 5,000 cells/mm^3 and a fever | Exercise is contraindicated
🗑
|
||||
| Normal RBC value for adult male | 4.7-6.1 10^6/mm^3
🗑
|
||||
| Normal RBC value for adult female | 4.2-5.4 10^6/mm^3
🗑
|
||||
| Normal Hematocrit value for adult male | 42-52%
🗑
|
||||
| Normal Hematocrit value for adult female | 37-47%
🗑
|
||||
| Type of exercise for pt with < 25% Hematocrit value | Exercise is contraindicated
🗑
|
||||
| Type of exercise for pt with > 25% but less than normal Hematocrit value | Light exercise only
🗑
|
||||
| Normal Platelet count value | 150,000-450,000 cells/mm^3
🗑
|
||||
| Define Atherosclerosis | Thickening of blood vessel wall from focal accumulation of lipids, platelets, monocytes, plaque & other debris affecting moderate & large arteries not limited to coronary arteries
🗑
|
||||
| Define Angina Pectoris | Pain in chest, jaw or L arm secondary to temporary, localized ischemia
🗑
|
||||
| Define Cor Pulmonale | Failure or hypertrophy of R ventricle resulting from disorders of the lungs, pulmonary vessels or chest wall; lung pathology produces pulm artery HTN, usually chronic
🗑
|
||||
| List Signs Associated with R-sided Heart Failure | Nausea, Anorexia, Wt gain, Fullness in Abdomen, Venous stasis, Peripheral edema
🗑
|
||||
| List Signs Associated with L-sided Heart Failure | Weakness, Fatigue, SOB, DOE, Cough, Orthopnea, Crackles
🗑
|
||||
| When is heart failure termed "Congestive"? | When edema is present
🗑
|
||||
| Define R-sided Heart Failure | Reduced venous return to heart from systemic circulation due to failure of R Ventricle
🗑
|
||||
| Define L-sided Heart Failure | Reduced Cariac Output with blood not being adequately pumped into systemic circulation due to inability of L Ventricle to pump
🗑
|
||||
| Medications to treat Congestive Heart Failure | Diuretics, Digitalis
🗑
|
||||
| Effects of Digitalis | Strengthens contraction of the heart, Slows HR, Helps eliminate fluid from the body, Increases urination
🗑
|
||||
| Effects of Diuretics | Decrease vascular fluid volume, Decrease Preload & Afterload, Control HTN
🗑
|
||||
| Effects of Nitroglycerin | Vasodilator, Reduce BP & preload, Reduce O2 demand of heart
🗑
|
||||
| Signs & Symptoms of MI | Deep visceral pain of aching or pressure, radiating to jaw and L arm, more severe than angina & unimproved with nitroglycerin
🗑
|
||||
| Which medication will pt will most likely be given if they have a heart block? | Atropine
🗑
|
||||
| Effects of Atropine | Increases HR by inhibiting vagal influence on heart
🗑
|
||||
| Appearance of first degree AV block on ECG | PR prolongation
🗑
|
||||
| Which type of AV block is a medical emergency? | Third degree AV block = complete heart block
🗑
|
||||
| Which serum enzymes appear in circulation following cardiac muscle death? | Creatine phosphate, Lactate Dehydrogenase, Serum Glutamic Oxalacetic Transaminase
🗑
|
||||
| A weak or thready pulse most likely indicates... | Low stroke volume
🗑
|
||||
| A bounding, full pulse most likely indicate... | Shortened ventricular systole & Decreased peripheral pressure
🗑
|
||||
| A bruit heard on auscultation most likely indicates... | Murmur of arterial or venous origin indicating atherosclerosis
🗑
|
||||
| The first heart sound (S1) or lub sound is made by... | Normal closure of mitral/tricuspid (AV) valves (beginning of systole)
🗑
|
||||
| The second heart sound (S2) or dub is made by... | Normal closure of aortic/pulmonary valves (end of systole)
🗑
|
||||
| The Right Coronary Artery supplies... | R atrium/ventricle, AV/SA nodes, interventricular septum & inf wall of L ventricle
🗑
|
||||
| If Right Coronary Artery is blocked, could cause... | Arrhythmies (possibly fatal)
🗑
|
||||
| The Left Coronary Artery supplies... | Ant, Sup, & Lat walls of L ventricle & interventricular septum
🗑
|
||||
| If Left Coronary Artery is blocked, could cause... | L ventricular failure which leads to pulmonary edema
🗑
|
||||
| What are the CONTRAs to Cardiac Rehabilitation Program? | Unstable angina, Resting SBP >200 or DBP > 110, Orthostatic BP drop >20 with symptoms, Acute systemic illness or fever, Uncontrolled atrial/vent arrhythmias, sinus tachycardia, active pericarditis/myocarditis, recent embolism, thromboembolism...
🗑
|
||||
| Adverse responses leading to exercise discontinuation in cardiac pts | SBP >orequal to 220, DBP >orequal to 110, Decr in SBP >20 mmHg, Signif vent/atrial dysrhythmias, ST displacement(2mm horiz/downsloping), >+3PVCs, 2nd or 3rd degree heart block
🗑
|
||||
| Signs & Symptoms of Exercise Intolerance in Cardiac pts | Angina, marked dyspnea, EKG changes suggestive of ischemia; such as multi-focal PVCs, V-tach, ST segment elevation, 3 or more PVCs
🗑
|
||||
| ST segment downsloping depression of 2-3mm or more indicates | Ischemia
🗑
|
||||
| ST segment elevation indicates | New infarct or injury or pericarditis
🗑
|
||||
| Ventricular tachycardia will have what appearance on EKG? | Run of 3 PVCs or more (showstopper)
🗑
|
||||
| Define Hyperventilation | Increased inspiration/expiration of air as a result of an increase in rate and/or depth of respiration; results in decreased CO2 (resp alkalosis)
🗑
|
||||
| Signs & Symptoms of Hyperventilation | Increased RR, Decreased BP, vasoconstriction, possible syncope, marked anxiety, wrist cramping
🗑
|
||||
| Sputum that has foul smell indicates what & can be associated with which pathology? | Anaerobic infection; COPD, Pneumonia, TB
🗑
|
||||
| Sputum that is Purulent (yellow/green appearance) indicates what & can be associated with which pathology? | Infection; Bronchitis, Cystic Fibrosis
🗑
|
||||
| Sputum that is frothy is associated with... | Pulmonary edema
🗑
|
||||
| Sputum that is mucoid (clear/thick) is indicative of... | Cystic fibrosis or conditions with chronic cough; Asthma, Bronchitis
🗑
|
||||
| Define Hemoptysis | Blood in sputum
🗑
|
||||
| Pulmonary Functions that are decreased in Obstructive Diseases | Vital Capacity & FEV1
🗑
|
||||
| Pulmonary Functions that are decreased in Restrictive Diseases | Total Lung Capacity, Forced Respiratory Capacity, Residual Volume, Vital Capacity, PaCO2
🗑
|
||||
| Define Cystic Fibrosis | Genetically inherited, thickening of secretions of all exocrine glands
🗑
|
||||
| Signs & Symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis | Freg resp infections, inability to gain wt, positive sweat electrolyte test, rales, wheezing, productive large amounts of mucoid, may have hemoptysis
🗑
|
||||
| Define Crackles | "rales" discontinuous sounds heard primarily during inspiration; L ventricular CHF
🗑
|
||||
| Define Rhonchi | continuous, low pitched, sonorous breath sounds most prominent in expiration; freq present with asthma & chronic bronchitis
🗑
|
||||
| Define Stridor | continuous adventitious sound of inspiration assoc with upper airway obstruction
🗑
|
||||
| Define Wheezes | continuous breath sounds high-pitched, sibilant, musical, often assoc with Asthma
🗑
|
||||
| In a pneaumothorax, the trachia will deviate.... | Away from the affected side
🗑
|
||||
| Effects of Pursed-Lip Breathing | Prolongs exhalation to slow breathing rate, Relieves SOB, Reduces work of breathing
🗑
|
||||
| Effects of Glossopharyngeal Breathing | Means of increasing inspiratory capacity when mm are severely weak, Increases vital capacity
🗑
|
||||
| Effects of Segmental Breathing | Facilitates expansion of adjacent regions of thoracic cavity that may have decreased ventilation
🗑
|
||||
| Diaphragmatic Breathing most likely taught to pts with... | Hyperventilation, Anxiety, & Stuttering
🗑
|
||||
| Glossopharyngeal Breathing most likely taught to pts with... | High Spinal Cord Injury
🗑
|
||||
| Pursed Lip Breathing most likley taught to pts with... | Emphysema
🗑
|
||||
| Effects of Diaphragmatic Breathing | Improves gas exchange & increases lung volume
🗑
|
||||
| Normal PaO2 values | 75-100 mmHg
🗑
|
||||
| Techniques to Improve gas exchange & Increase lung volumes | Diaphragmatic breathing, Segmental Breathing, Maximal Inspiratory effort
🗑
|
||||
| Techniques to Decrease Dyspnea & Increase Efficiency | Pursed lip breathing, Pacing of breath with activity or exercise, Diaphragmatic breathing
🗑
|
||||
| Techniques to Increase Expiratory force or cough | Train inspiratory muscles using resistance during inspirations, manually or with devices
🗑
|
||||
| One MET equals... | 3.5 mL of O2 per gram of body wt OR 200-250 mL of O2/min
🗑
|
||||
| Total Normal Cholesterol Values should be... | < 200 mg/dL
🗑
|
||||
| Describe Phase I (acute)of Cardiac Rehabilitation | Intensity: initially 2-3 METS, 3-5 METs by discharge
Freq: 2-3xs/day
Duration: short exercise sessions
🗑
|
||||
| Describe Phase II (subacute, OP or Home program) Cardiac Rehabilitation | Intensity: D/C at 9 METs
Freq: 3-4xs/wk
Duration: 30-60 mins with 5-10min warm-up & cool-down
🗑
|
||||
| Describe Phase III (post-acute, community exercise program) of Cardiac Rehabilitation | Intensity: must function at 5 METs in order to begin this phase; progress to 50-80% functional capacity
Freq: 3-4xs/wk; Duration: 45 min per session
Type: progress supervised to self-regulated
🗑
|
||||
| Define Vital Capacity | The maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after maximum inhalation
🗑
|
||||
| Define Total Lung Capacity | Vital Capacity + Residual Volume
The maximum volume lungs can be expanded with greatest possible inspiratory effort
🗑
|
||||
| Residual Volume | Air remaining in lungs after maximum expiratory effort
🗑
|
||||
| Functional Residual Volume | The volume of gas in lungs at resting expiratory level
🗑
|
||||
| Forced Vital Capacity | The amount of air that can be forced out of the lungs after maximum inspirations
🗑
|
||||
| Expiratory Reserve Volume | The amount of additional air that can be pushed out after the end expiratory level of normal breathing
🗑
|
||||
| Inspiratory Reserve Volume | The additional air that can be inhaled after normal tidal breath
🗑
|
||||
| Inspiratory Capacity | The maximal volume that can be inspired following normal expiration
🗑
|
||||
| Functional Residual Capacity | Amount of air left in lungs after tidal breath out
🗑
|
||||
| Normal FEV1/FVC Ratios... | Are closer to 1 OR > 70%
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
zimrizzle
Popular Physical Therapy sets