structure of body, chemistry, and cells
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| frontal/cranial | divides body into anterior and posterior
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| sagittal | divides body into right and left
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| midsagittal | divides body into equal halves
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| transverse/horizontal | divides body into upper and lower parts
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| superior/cranial | inferior/caudal
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| anterior/ventral | posterior/dorsal
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| medial | lateral
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| proximal | distal
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| superficial | deep
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| dorsal cavity | contains cranial and vertebral cavities
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| ventral cavity | contains thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
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| thoracic cavity | contains mediastinum and pleural cavities
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| abdominal cavity | contains stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen
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| pelvic cavity | contains reproductive organs, bladder, lower intestines
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| viscera | internal organs
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| axial region | head, neck and torso/trunk
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| appendicular region | upper and lower extremities
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| normal pH of blood | 7.35 - 7.45
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| normal pH of water | 7.0
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| anatomy | study of structure
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| physiology | study of function
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| catabolism | breakdown; from complex to building blocks
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| anabolism | building; from basic to complex
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| survival needs | nutrients, oxygen, water, stable body temperature, proper atmospheric pressure
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| water in body, by weight | 60 - 80%
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| molecule | made up of two or more atoms
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| atom | smallest complete unit of matter
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| element | substance from which all matter is made
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| solution | components indistinguishable and homogeneous
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| suspension | components separate from solvent, heterogeneous
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| colloid | components separate from solvent, but evenly distributed throughout
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| ion | electrically charged atom
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| cation | positively charged ion
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| anion | negatively charged ion
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| electrolyte | compound that releases ions when in a solution
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| covalent bond | shared electron, difficult to separate, doesn't dissolve easily in water
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| aqueous solution | mixture with water as the solvent
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| hydrolysis | larger molecules broken down by introduction of water
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| pH | relative concentrations of hydrogen and hydroxide ions
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| buffer | chemical that prevents sharp changes in pH
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| isotope | form of an element that has the same atomic number but a different atomic weight
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| atomic number | number of protons in the nucleus of and element's atoms
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| carbohydrate (CHO) | carbon and water, found in sugars and starches
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| glycogen | polysaccharide, storage form of glucose found in liver cells and skeletal muscle cells
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| triglycerides | formed by glycerol and e fatty acids, store energy
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| phospholipids | form cell membrane
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| cholesterol | transport lipids and stabilize cell membrane
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| proteins | large molecules of amino acids held together by peptide bonds
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| structural protiens | collagen and keratin
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| collagen | fibrous, holds many tissues together
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| keratin | tough, waterproof fibers in outer layer of skin
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| functional proteins | take part in chemical processes
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| enzymes | organic catalysts
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| lock and key model | each enzyme acts on a particular substrate
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| denaturation | the alteration of any protein to the point that it can no longer function
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| inventor of the microscope | Anton van Leeuwenhoek
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| mitosis | somatic cell division
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| interphase | DNA replicates
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| prophase | chromosomes and spindle fibers appear, centrioles move
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| metaphase | chromosomes align, spindle fibers attach
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| anaphase | centromeres break, cleavage develops
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| telophase | cell division complete
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| cytokinesis | division of cytoplasm in telophase of mitosis
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| passive transport | movement through cell membrane that does not require energy from the cell
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| diffusion | movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to lower
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| osmosis | diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane
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| filtration | passage of water & dissolved materials through a membrane under mechanical force
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| facilitated diffusion | movement of materials across plasma membrane in direction of concentration gradient using transporters to move faster
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| active transport | movement against the concentration gradient in living cells requiring energy from ATP
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| endocytosis | bulk movement of material into a cell
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| phagocytosis | large particles engulfed by plasma membrane and moved into cell
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| pinocytosis | plasma membrane engulfs drops of fluid
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| exocytosis | cell moves material out via vesicles
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| isotonic | solutions with concentrations equal to concentration of cytoplasm
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| normal saline | 0.9% salt
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| hypotonic | solution that is less concentrated than intracellular fluid
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| hemolysis | rupture of red blood cells in hypotonic solution
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| hypertonic | solution that is more concentrated than intracellular fluid
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| crenation | shrinking of a cell in hypertonic solution
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| apoptosis | programmed cell death
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| nucleotide | building block of DNA and RNA - phosphate & nitrogen base
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| sodium | Na
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| hydrogen | H
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| chlorine | Cl
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| nitrogen | N
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| carbon | C
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| calcium | Ca
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| Oxygen | O
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| Potassium | K
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| Magnesium | Mg
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| Phosphate | PO4
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| Bicarbonate | HCO3
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| Water | H2O
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Created by:
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