Motorcycle Saftey Foundation Basic Rider Course Study Guide
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| Name 2 primary differences between cars/trucks and motorcycles. | Riding a motorcycle involves some risks not encountered when driving cars and trucks. Motorcycles do not have the stability of cars because they must be balanced, and motorcycles leave you more vulnerable in a crash because there is less protection. Motor
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| What are the problems that these differences cause? | Motorcycles leave you more vulnerable in a crash because there is less protection. 5/p1
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| Part of being responsible means to give a lot of thought to what? | Responsible riding is more than just having good skill, and more than simply having a good attitude. It means thinking before acting. It means considering the consequences of actions. This is the mental preparation that helps to reduce risk. 9/p2
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| What is the primary cause of motorcycle crashes? | as in most crashes, is that there is rarely a single cause. There is usually an interaction of factors that accumulate, and at some point in time they come together in such a way to produce a crash. Many safety professionals do not like to use the word “a
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| How does the handbook define a “good motorcyclist”? | a key element for a good rider would be to have the desire and motivation to choose to reduce risk while riding. 9/p1
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| How does a rider reduce factors that lead to crashes? | A good motorcyclist reduces factors that lead to problems by applying a STRATEGY. Responsible riding is more than just having good skill, and more than simply having a good attitude. It means thinking before acting. It means considering the consequences o
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| What does it mean to have a good margin of safety? | One way to think about your personal safety when you ride is to consider your personal margin of safety. This means to consider the “margin for error,” or how much extra time and space you need given your skill level. 9/p4
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| What is SEE, and what does each letter stand for? | SEESM — a simple and powerful strategy of MSF — is to Search, Evaluate, Execute. It is the strategy to help you understand what is going on in traffic and to be constantly planning and implementing a course of action 9/p5
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| Name several purposes of protective riding gear. | Protective gear has several purposes, including providing comfort, increasing visibility, and offering protection. Motorcycle protective gear helps you stay comfortable and provides improved visibility if it is brightly colored and reflective. Also, prote
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| What’s the difference between a full-face and three-quarter-coverage helmet? | A three-quarter or open-face helmet can also offer protection. It is constructed with the same basic components, but doesn’t offer the face and chin protection of full-face helmets. 11/p4
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| Why aren’t ordinary glasses or sunglasses sufficient eye protection? | Eyeglasses with shatterproof lenses may protect the eyes, but may not seal out wind and dust that makes eyes water. Helmets providing full-face coverage provide the best protection. 12/p1
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| What stickers are likely to indicate a well-made helmet? | The way to find a well-made helmet is to look for the DOT sticker inside or outside the helmet. The sticker means the helmet meets safety test standards required by federal law for all helmets sold in the U.S. There may also be a Snell Memorial Foundation
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| What type of injury accounts for the majority of motorcycle deaths? | Since head injuries account for the majority of motorcycle fatalities, head protection is vital. The best helmet is no guarantee against injury, but statistics indicate that helmet use reduces the risk of brain injury by 67 percent.
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| What is the value of appropriate footwear? | In the event of a crash, boots can provide valuable protection against foot and ankle injuries. 12/p5
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| What is the value of motorcycle specific clothing? | Protective gear sold specifically for motorcycling will provide the best combination of fit and protection. These garments are designed to fit while sitting in a riding position 13/p3
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| Define “hypothermia” and provide an example. | Hypothermia, a condition of subnormal body temperature, can cause loss of concentration, slowed reactions, and loss of smooth, precise muscle movement. 13/p6
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| What is the value of dressing in layers? | It is wise to dress in layers so that layers can be removed as desired. Extra pants, shirts, and jackets can be layered underneath your protective gear to help body heat form a warm insulation. 14/p1
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| What is T-CLOCS and what does each letter stand for? | It’s quick and easy to check the critical components, and a convenient reminder developed by MSF is T-CLOCS.SM 14/p6 T — Tires and Wheels, C — Controls, L — Lights and Electrics, O--Oil and Other Fluids (coolant, hydraulic fluid, fuel), C — Chassis, S — S
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| What are the primary motorcycle controls? | The handlebars are an important component of any motorcycle because it is the most common way to initiate and control motorcycle lean. 16/2, Throttle 16/3, Clutch Lever 16/4, Gearshift Lever 16/5, Front Break Lever 16/6, Rear Break Lever16/7
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| What is the most common way to initiate and control motorcycle lean (for turns)? | The handlebars are an important component of any motorcycle because it is the most common way to initiate and control motorcycle lean. 16/2
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| What is meant by “shift pattern”? | A typical gear pattern is 1-N-2-3-4-5. The N is for neutral,which is selected by either a “half lift” from 1st gear or a “half press” from 2nd gear. Most motorcycles have five gears, but some have four or six gears. 16/5
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| Where are the break controls found? | Front Brake Lever: It is found in front of the right handgrip and is operated with the right hand. “Squeeze” it in to operate.16/7. Rear Brake Pedal: It is found in front of the right footrest and is operated with the right foot. “Press” it down to operat
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| What does the fuel valve do? | It controls the flow of gasoline to the engine. 17/2
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| What is the function of the tachometer? | it is part of the instrument cluster and indicates enginespeed. It has a “red line” that should never be exceeded. 17/11
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| What are some common indicator lights? | These can include neutral, high beam, turn signal indicators, oil pressure, side stand down, and possibly others. 17/12
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| What are the steps in starting the engine? | A procedure called FINE-C is used to start the engine. It stands for Fuel, Ignition, Neutral, Engine cut–off switch, and Choke/Clutch.19/2
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| What is the friction zone? | The friction zone is that area in the travel of the clutch lever that begins where the clutch starts to transmit power to the rear wheel and ends just before the clutch becomes fully engaged. 20/1
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| Describe good riding posture. | Good posture helps you maneuver the motorcycle more easily. Keep your back straight, and head and eyes up. Keep both feet on the footrests near the controls. Keep the knees and elbows comfortably in. Arms should be relaxed and bent. The wrist should be po
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| List the 4 steps in turning. | Turning a motorcycle involves four primary steps: slow, look, press and roll. 21/1
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| When is the counter weight technique used? | However, for slow, tight turns like a U-turn in a parking lot, use a counterweight technique by leaning your upper body toward the outside of the turn. Putting more pressure on the outside footrest can help too. Turn your head and look where you want to g
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| Why do you change gears? | You must change gears to match the engine speed with road speed. Lower gears are used for lower speeds and higher gears are used for higher speeds, just like on a manual transmission car or truck. 22/1
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| What is the 3-part shift process? | Roll off the throttle as the clutch is squeezed, 2) lift the shift lever firmly as far as it will go, 3) smoothly ease out the clutch and adjust the throttle. Once the shift is completed, release the shift lever to permit it to reset for the next shift. 2
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| What is engine breaking? | Shifting to a lower gear causes an effect similar to using the brakes. This is known as engine braking. 22/7
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| How much of a motorcycle’s stopping power is available from the front break? | The front brake provides 70% or more of the stopping power for your motorcycle.23/1
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| Why should both breaks be used simultaneously? | Both brakes should be applied at the same time when stopping. Even though the full braking potential of each wheel may not be required for normal, planned stops, it is important to develop the habit of using both brakes so that your reflexes will be ready
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| What is the purpose of the range safety rules? | They are designed to provide a low risk and positive learning environment. You must abide by these rules: 24/1
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| How will the RiderCoaches communicate with you on the range? | RiderCoaches use hand signals during the riding exercises. These non-verbal signals are used to maximize safety and learning. There will also be times when a RiderCoach will provide verbal communication. 24/2
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| What does it mean to have a safety cushion? | Positioning yourself properly within a lane can help you avoid windblast from other vehicles, help you see and avoid roadway hazards, and help you create and maintain a space cushion between yourself and other traffic. 26/1
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| How does a motorcyclist utilize lane positions? | Positioning yourself properly within a lane can help you avoid windblast from other vehicles, help you see and avoid roadway hazards, and help you create and maintain a space cushion between yourself and other traffic. 26/1
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| Name some ways to be more visible to others in traffic? | Don’t hide among other vehicles. Position yourself so that drivers ahead can see you in their mirrors. Choosing a position that helps you see potential problems ahead can also help drivers see you sooner. 26/1
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| What are the 3 “lead times” (Rider Radar)? | “RiderRadar” helps you perceive the hazards ahead, which account for around three-fourths of all the hazards that affect you. Here are three “lead times” that you can use. They are the 2-second following distance, the 4-second immediate path, and the 12-s
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| Why is the 2-second following distance considered minimum? | The first lead-time is the 2-second following distance. It is considered to be a minimum distance when conditions are ideal. 27/2
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| Name the 3 components of total stopping distance. | Perception distance: distance traveled from the time something is present until you see it.Reaction distance: distance traveled from the time you see a hazard to when you actually apply the brakes.Braking distance: distance traveled from the time the brak
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| What does it mean to Search? | Search means to scan aggressively for potential factors and hazards. Searching provides you with information to make decisions. Searching means more than just what is in front of you. It also includes the areas behind and to the sides. 28/4
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| What is the characteristic of a convex mirror? | Remember that many motorcycles have convex mirrors that allow the rider to see farther to the sides, but they also distort depth perception (how far away the object is). 28/4
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| Where is the greatest potential for conflict? | The greatest potential for a conflict between you and other traffic is at intersections. 30/3
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| What 4 steps should you follow when around an intersection? | Check for traffic behind, Check for oncoming traffic, Check traffic to the left, Check traffic to the right 30/3
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| What are some hazards between intersections? | It is important when riding to find and maintain a space cushion. That means to avoid riding in a blind spot and to maintain similar speeds as other traffic. It is important to watch for vehicles pulling away from a parked position, and to notice pedestri
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| What is the No-Zone? | No-Zone: areas around a truck to avoid because the driver cannot see you. 31/second graphic
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| How should you respond to a tailgating driver? | In general, it is best to increase your following distance from vehicles ahead to give yourself time and space to execute a smooth, gradual stop. This avoids putting tailgating drivers in a position that requires them to make a quick stop. 32/1
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| What are some factors to search for when approaching a curve? | When approaching a curve you must Search for information about the curve: What is its radius and slope? What is the surface composition and condition? What other traffic is involved? Is the entire curve visible? What happens beyond the curve? 32/4
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| How can an outside-inside-outside path of travel help you in curves? | The basic task is to plan an appropriate path and entry speed, being sure to stay in a good lane position while maintaining a steady speed, and be ready for any problems. 32/5
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| Why rise off the seat when crossing an obstacle? | If an obstacle cannot be avoided, rise off the seat and use the legs as shock absorbers. 34/1
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| Why make a head check before changing lanes? | Be sure to checkfor traffic in the mirrors and to the side in the direction you are moving (with a head check to see what may be in the blind spot area). 35/1
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| What makes starting out on a hill (upgrade) more difficult? | A good technique is to apply a brake to prevent the motorcycle from rolling backward while you move the clutch to the friction zone. Often the rear brake is used; but, if you need to keep both feet down for balance, you could use the front brake while eas
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| What is “overriding the headlight” and what is the solution? | This is when total stopping distance exceeds sight distance. Keep speed reasonable for conditions. Use the lights of other vehicles in front of you to help with visibility. 36/4
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| Name and explain the 3 variations to standard braking systems. | Integrated Brakes: Application of the rear brake will cause some application of the front brake. Linked Brakes: Application of either the front brake or rear brake will cause some pressure to be applied to the other brake. Anti-Lock Brakes: These are desi
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| What is the best way to achieve maximum breaking? | The best way to achieve maximum braking is to apply both brakes fully without locking either wheel. 37/3
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| What complicates breaking in a curve? | It’s important to remember when stopping in a curve that the amount of traction available for braking is reduced. 37/4
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| What is the key to stopping quickly in a curve? | The key to stopping quickly in a curve is to get the motorcycle straight up as soon as possible so that the maximum amount of traction is available for braking. 37/5
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| What should you do if the front tire skids because of improper braking (front brake grab)? | If such a front-tire skid occurs, immediately release the front brake to allow the wheel to resume rolling, and then reapply the brake properly. Improper application could lead to a “low side” fall. 38/1
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| What is the danger of a rear-tire skid? | The biggest danger in any rear-tire skid is releasing the rear brake when the rear wheel is out of alignment with the front wheel. If the rear wheel stops skidding and resumes rolling when it is out of line with the direction of travel, the motorcycle wil
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| In a swerve, how should you lean? | When swerving, keep the motorcycle lean independent of body lean; that is, keep your upper torso upright while the motorcycle leans. 39/2
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| What action should be avoided when swerving? | Maintain a steady throttle and do not brake while swerving. 39/3
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| Why is a surface most slippery as it begins to rain? | The surface is most slippery during the first few minutes of rain because oil and dirt combine with water; 39/5
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| What is hydroplaning? | hydroplaning (water buildup under the tread). 39/5
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| How can a crowned road affect riding? | These are roads that are higher in the middle to provide drainage. Use caution when going around curves to the left because ground clearance is reduced and the lean angle available will be less than on a flat road. 40/1
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| How does carrying a passenger affect the operation of a motorcycle? | Carrying a passenger can affect the way a motorcycle handles. The weight makes starting out more difficult and reduces acceleration capability. More time and space will be required for passing. It may also increase stopping distance. Stability may be affe
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| What are a few tips for carrying passengers? | Adjust the suspension and tire pressures as per operator’s manual recommendations.Be sure a passenger is properly attired.Keep both feet on the ground and the brakes applied while the passenger mounts. Have the engine started and the transmission in neutr
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| What 3 points should be considered when carrying loads? | There are three points to consider when carrying loads: weight, location, and security.40/6
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| How should you respond to a dog that approaches from the side? | Once an approaching dog is spotted, a good rider response is to slow, including a downshift, then accelerate past the point of interception. Don’t kick at the dog because it will make controlling the motorcycle difficult. 42/1
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| What are the 2 primary effects of alcohol? | The primary effects of alcohol are to diminish visual capabilities and alter good judgment. 43/7
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| How fast is alcohol eliminated from the blood stream? | The adult male body is able to eliminate alcohol at the rate of almost “one drink” per hour. Women process alcohol at about three-fourths of that rate. 44/1
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| How much beverage alcohol equals one drink? | An accepted definition of a drink is beverage alcohol that contains around one-half ounce of pure ethyl alcohol. A 12-ounce can of beer, a 5-ounce glass of wine, or a shot of liquor (1.5 ounces) each contains about the same amount of alcohol. 44/2
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| What is the best way to approach intervention? | Enlist others: The more people supporting the intervention, the better the chance for success. 45/5
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| What are some ways to intervene when someone has had too much to drink? | Arrange a ride: Provide an alternate way home.Slow the pace of drinking: Direct attention to other activities.Delay departure: Find reasons to delay the rider from getting on the motorcycle. Provide non-alcohol drinks and food to help time to pass. Keep t
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