ECG
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| P wave | atrial DEpolarization
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| PR interval | time required for impulse to travel from atria through conduction system to Purkinje fibers
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| QRS wave | ventricular DEpolarization
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| ST segment | beginning of ventricular REpolarization
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| T wave | ventricular REpolarization
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| QT interval | time for electrical systole
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| Heart Rate | # of intervals between QRS complexes in a 6-second strip multiplied by 10
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| Ventricular arrhythmias | originate from an ectopic focus in the ventricles (outside normal conduction system)
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| Ventricular fibrillation | pulseless, emergency situation requiring EMT: CPR, defibrillation, medications
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| Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) | NO P wave, bizarre & wide QRS that is premature, followed by a long compensatory pulse
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| Serious PVCs | >6 per minute, paired or in sequential runs, multifocal, very early PVC (R on T Phenomena)
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| Ventricular tachycardia | 3 or more PVCs occuring sequentially; very rapid rate (150-200 bpm)
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| Ventricular tachycardia | wide, bizarre QRS waves, NO P waves, seriously compromised cardiac output
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| Ventricular fibrillation | chaotic activity of ventricle originating from multiple foci; unable to determine rate
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| Ventricular fibrillation | bizarre, erratic activity without QRS complex
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| Ventricular fibrillation | No effective cardiac output; clinical death within 4-6 mins
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| Atrial arrhythmias (supraventricular) | Rapid & repetitive firing of 1 or more ectopic foci in the atria
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| Atrial arrhythmias (supraventricular) | P waves abnormal (variable in shape) or not identifiable (atrial fibrillation)
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| Atrial tachycardia | 140-250 bpm
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| Atrial flutter | 250-350 bpm
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| Atrial fibrillation | >300 bpm
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| Atrioventricular blocks | ab(N) delays or failure to conduct through (N) conductiong system
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| If ventricular rate is slowed, | Cardiac output is decreased
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| 3rd degree AV block | life threatening, requires meds (ATROPHINE), pacemaker
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| ST depression | impaired coronary perfusion (ischemia or injury)
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| MI central zone of infarction | Ab(N) Q waves
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| MI zone of injury | ST elevation
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| MI zone of ischemia | T wave inversion
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| Hyperkalemia | wide QRS, flat P wave, peaked T wave
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| Hypokalemia | flat T wave (or inverted), produces U wave
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| Hypercalcemia | wide QRS, short QT interval
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| Hypocalcemia | prolonged QT interval
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| Hypothermia | ST segment elevation; slow rhythm
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| Digitalis | ST segment depression, flattened T wave (or inverted), shortened QT
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| Quinidine | long QT, T flat/inverted, QRS long
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| BetaBlockers (Propranolol/Inderal) | decreased heart rate, blunts HR response to exercise
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| Nitrates (nitoglycerin) | Inc HR
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| Antiarrhythmic agents | may prolong QRS & QT intervals
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