(CN) The Elbow
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| What muscles flex the elbow? (3) | Biceps, Brachialis, Brachioradialis
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| What muscles extend the elbow? (2) | Triceps, Anconeus
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| What are the radioulnar supinators? (2) | Biceps, supinator
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| What are the radioulnar pronators? (2) | Pronators teres and quadratus
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| How is ligamentous instability assessed in the elbow? | By using valgus/varus stress tests. Place the elbow in 20-30 degrees of flexion, and apply a varus/valgus stress. Positive test: Increased laxity, apprehension or pain.
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| What is Cozen's Test used for? Describe it. | Indicates lateral epicondylitis.
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| Describe the lateral epicondylitis test. | Extend the third digit against resistance. Positive test: Pain in the lateral epicondyle region, or muscle weakness.
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| Describe the medial epicondylitis test. | Palpate the medial epicondule while passively supinating the forearm, extending the wrist and extending the elbow. Positive test: Pain in medial epicondyle area.
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| What is Mill's test used for? Describe it. | Indicates lateral epicondylitis. Palpate lateral epicondyle and pronate the forearm, flex the wrist and extend the elbow. Positive test: Pain in lateral epicondyle region.
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